EC Number |
Recommended Name |
Source Tissue |
Reference |
---|
4.2.3.107 | (+)-car-3-ene synthase |
xylem |
highest enzymic activity |
704380 |
4.2.3.52 | (4S)-beta-phellandrene synthase (geranyl-diphosphate-cyclizing) |
xylem |
of 2-year-old Pinus contorta |
704380 |
1.14.14.41 | (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime monooxygenase |
xylem |
uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 are co-expressed with CYP79D1 and CYP71E7 paralogs, which catalyze earlier steps in cyanogenic glucoside synthesis, in the cortex, xylem and phloem parenchyma, and in specific cells in the endodermis of the petiole of the first unfolded leaf |
728480 |
2.4.2.24 | 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase |
xylem |
developing |
489795 |
2.4.2.24 | 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase |
xylem |
differentiated |
489791, 489792 |
2.4.2.24 | 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase |
xylem |
differentiating |
489792 |
4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
xylem |
- |
692472 |
1.1.1.267 | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase |
xylem |
- |
701348 |
2.2.1.7 | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase |
xylem |
- |
701348 |
6.2.1.12 | 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
xylem |
- |
596, 616, 672722, 694735, 746098, 746109 |
6.2.1.12 | 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
xylem |
3 isoenzymes present |
615 |
6.2.1.12 | 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
xylem |
4CL2 is the major isoform in developing xylem extract, 4CL3 is a very minor one |
662721 |
6.2.1.12 | 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
xylem |
differentiating |
605 |
6.2.1.12 | 4-coumarate-CoA ligase |
xylem |
highest expression of isoform 4CL3 |
746098 |
7.3.2.4 | ABC-type nitrate transporter |
xylem |
histochemical analysis shows that NRT1.8 is expressed predominantly in xylem parenchyma cells within the vasculature |
713272 |
4.2.3.18 | abieta-7,13-diene synthase |
xylem |
- |
701348 |
6.2.1.1 | acetate-CoA ligase |
xylem |
- |
746504 |
2.7.1.20 | adenosine kinase |
xylem |
high enzyme activity |
661815 |
3.13.2.1 | adenosylhomocysteinase |
xylem |
high expression |
731552 |
2.5.1.112 | adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) |
xylem |
- |
660174 |
1.14.13.237 | aliphatic glucosinolate S-oxygenase |
xylem |
- |
742992 |
4.2.3.82 | alpha-santalene synthase |
xylem |
- |
715604 |
3.2.1.26 | beta-fructofuranosidase |
xylem |
- |
730433 |
4.2.3.83 | beta-santalene synthase |
xylem |
- |
715604 |
1.14.14.179 | brassinosteroid 6-oxygenase |
xylem |
predominant expression |
764781 |
2.1.1.68 | caffeate O-methyltransferase |
xylem |
developing secondary xylem |
485073, 485538 |
2.1.1.68 | caffeate O-methyltransferase |
xylem |
mainly found in |
656926 |
2.1.1.104 | caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase |
xylem |
- |
676451, 689675 |
2.1.1.104 | caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase |
xylem |
secondary xylem during seasonal development |
485073 |
2.4.1.12 | cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) |
xylem |
- |
637183 |
2.4.1.12 | cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) |
xylem |
developing |
702850 |
2.4.1.12 | cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) |
xylem |
long, cylindrical cells, movement of the cellulose synthase complexes beneath the nascent secondary wall in developing xylem vessels, quantitative analysis, overview |
706179 |
2.4.1.12 | cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) |
xylem |
of eucalyptus undergoing secondary cell wall biosynthesis |
704868 |
1.2.1.44 | cinnamoyl-CoA reductase |
xylem |
- |
288235, 288236, 676451, 694626, 694669, 694775, 763586, 763766 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
- |
347810, 656926, 670974, 726428, 741217 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
all CAD genes expressed, but at different levels. CAD4 and CAD10 are strongly expressed in xylem, with CAD10 more expressed. CAD4 and CAD10 are 100 times more highly expressed than the other CAD genes. Very low expression of CAD7. CAD9 is preferentially expressed in leaves and xylem |
696998 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
differentiating tissue |
347818 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
LtuCAD1 has the highest expression level in xylem |
741181 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
secondary |
739876 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
the native CAD gene is preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem both in stems and roots |
700730 |
1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
xylem |
young, immunogold-electron microscopy of mature stems |
347822 |
3.2.1.126 | coniferin beta-glucosidase |
xylem |
- |
751432 |
3.2.1.126 | coniferin beta-glucosidase |
xylem |
exclusive presence in the differentiating xylem |
653495 |
3.2.1.126 | coniferin beta-glucosidase |
xylem |
lignifying |
26044 |
2.1.1.142 | cycloartenol 24-C-methyltransferase |
xylem |
- |
755742 |
1.4.3.22 | diamine oxidase |
xylem |
- |
391958 |
2.5.1.1 | dimethylallyltranstransferase |
xylem |
of sapling |
706332 |
4.2.3.81 | exo-alpha-bergamotene synthase |
xylem |
- |
715604 |
2.7.1.4 | fructokinase |
xylem |
- |
739183, 758873 |
2.7.1.4 | fructokinase |
xylem |
expressed in phloem companion cells of both internal and external phloem |
758873 |
2.7.1.4 | fructokinase |
xylem |
SlFRK3 is expressed mainly in the cambium and newly differentiating xylem cells |
758873 |
2.5.1.29 | geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase |
xylem |
of sapling |
706332 |
2.4.1.32 | glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase |
xylem |
differentiated and differentiating cells |
489050 |
2.5.1.18 | glutathione transferase |
xylem |
- |
759296 |
3.1.3.19 | glycerol-2-phosphatase |
xylem |
- |
94712 |
1.4.4.2 | glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring) |
xylem |
highest expression |
688072 |
1.1.1.79 | glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) |
xylem |
- |
287326 |
7.1.3.1 | H+-exporting diphosphatase |
xylem |
highest expression |
749407 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
xylem |
parenchym |
661772 |
1.10.3.2 | laccase |
xylem |
- |
396398 |
1.1.1.40 | malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) |
xylem |
parenchymal cell vessel |
686932 |
2.7.11.24 | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
xylem |
primary and secondary xylem |
678935 |
2.5.1.43 | nicotianamine synthase |
xylem |
low enzyme levels |
739648 |
2.7.4.6 | nucleoside-diphosphate kinase |
xylem |
pole pericycle |
762180 |
4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
xylem |
most of the pectate lyase-like PL1 genes from subgroups Ia and Ib are highly expressed in xylem |
747875 |
3.1.1.11 | pectinesterase |
xylem |
- |
678803, 682430, 682960 |
4.3.1.24 | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
xylem |
- |
702143 |
4.3.1.24 | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
xylem |
diffenrentiating secondary xylem |
34359 |
4.3.1.24 | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
xylem |
differentating |
658367 |
4.3.1.24 | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
xylem |
xylem ray parenchymal cells |
682311 |
2.4.1.357 | phlorizin synthase |
xylem |
- |
747731 |
3.1.3.60 | phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase |
xylem |
- |
680386 |
3.1.3.36 | phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase |
xylem |
- |
666576 |
1.4.3.21 | primary-amine oxidase |
xylem |
- |
743522 |
2.1.1.53 | putrescine N-methyltransferase |
xylem |
- |
485447 |
1.1.1.284 | S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase |
xylem |
- |
762617 |
1.1.1.25 | shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
xylem |
- |
-, 740724 |
1.14.14.178 | steroid 22S-hydroxylase |
xylem |
highest expression |
765863 |
2.4.1.13 | sucrose synthase |
xylem |
activity of sucrose synthase and the content of starch in the xylem and phloem of the two birch varieties, 40-year-old trees, and 8-year-old trees of Betula carelica, overview |
737239 |
2.4.1.13 | sucrose synthase |
xylem |
high expression enzyme level |
737071 |
2.5.1.79 | thermospermine synthase |
xylem |
in the hypocotyl as well as in the inflorescence stem, ACL5 is expressed not just broadly with respect to vasculature, but specifically in the xylem vessel elements at a strictly defined developmental stage, suggesting direct involvement of ACL5 in xylem vessel differentiation. The acl5 mutant displays severe overall inhibition of the secondary growth of the vascular tissues, dramatic alteration in the morphology of the vessel elements and complete lack of xylem fibers |
697543 |
2.5.1.79 | thermospermine synthase |
xylem |
the enzyme is expressed specifically in early developing xylem vessel elements |
739304 |
1.14.14.91 | trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase |
xylem |
- |
676469, 676698 |
1.14.14.91 | trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase |
xylem |
cell undergoing lignification |
348390 |
1.14.14.91 | trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase |
xylem |
differentiating |
658367 |
1.14.14.91 | trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase |
xylem |
highest level of activity |
348386 |
4.2.3.105 | tricyclene synthase |
xylem |
transcriptome analysis of secondary xylem, overview |
749060 |
2.3.1.110 | tyramine N-feruloyltransferase |
xylem |
- |
486134 |
5.1.3.5 | UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase |
xylem |
activity decreases from cambium to xylem |
2401 |
5.1.3.5 | UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase |
xylem |
activity is slightly greater in xylem than in cambium |
2401 |
5.1.3.5 | UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase |
xylem |
at the final stage of the differentiation of cambium to xylem there is a decrease in activity |
2402 |
5.1.3.5 | UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase |
xylem |
differentiating and differentiated |
2401, 2402 |
5.1.3.2 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase |
xylem |
- |
676431 |
1.1.1.22 | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase |
xylem |
differentiating |
654831 |
5.1.3.6 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase |
xylem |
differentiated and differentiating cells, enzyme activity decreases during the differentiation of cambial cells to xylem |
2401 |
4.1.1.35 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase |
xylem |
- |
728599 |
4.1.1.35 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase |
xylem |
activity decreases from cambium to xylem |
2401 |
4.1.1.35 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase |
xylem |
differentiated and differentiating |
2401, 2402 |
4.1.1.35 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase |
xylem |
highest expression of isoform UXS3 in immature xylem |
728599 |
4.1.1.35 | UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase |
xylem |
increase in activity at the final stage of differentiation of cambium to xylem |
2402 |