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(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
additional information
?
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
after herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, maize releases a mixture of volatiles that is highly attractive to females of various parasitic wasp species. The terpene synthase TPS10 forms (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-alpha-bergamotene, and other herbivory-induced sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from the substrate farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene, products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme CoTPS2 is multifunctional and novel TPS that catalyses the synthesis of three sesquiterpenes, beta-ylangene, beta-copaene, and beta-cubebene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Santalum spicatum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme TPS10 forms (E)-alpha-bergamotene and (E)-beta-farnesene along with 13 minor sesquiterpenes in herbivore-damaged leaves
-
-
-
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(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
additional information
?
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
Q2XSC4
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
E3W202
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
E3W203
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
E3W204
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
Q2NM15
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
Q2NM15
after herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, maize releases a mixture of volatiles that is highly attractive to females of various parasitic wasp species. The terpene synthase TPS10 forms (E)-beta-farnesene, (E)-alpha-bergamotene, and other herbivory-induced sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from the substrate farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
E3W202
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
E3W203
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate
E3W204
-
products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme CoTPS2 is multifunctional and novel TPS that catalyses the synthesis of three sesquiterpenes, beta-ylangene, beta-copaene, and beta-cubebene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
E3W202
Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
E3W203
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
E3W204
Santalum spicatum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2NM15
enzyme TPS10 forms (E)-alpha-bergamotene and (E)-beta-farnesene along with 13 minor sesquiterpenes in herbivore-damaged leaves
-
-
-
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Mg2+

-
required, enzyme CoTPS3 has the conserved aspartate-rich motif (DDXXD) and NSE/DTE motifs that chelate divalent metal ions, typically Mg2+, in the C-terminal domain
Mg2+
product formation is highest in the presence of the cofactor Mg2+ with product concentration peaking at 50 mM
Mg2+
required; when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mg2+
required; when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mg2+
required; when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+

the assays with Mn2+ shows highest activity at 0.05 mM with 49% of the maximum product level
Mn2+
when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+
incubation in presence of Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene; when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
Mn2+
incubation in presence of Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene; when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene
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evolution
-
the enzyme belongs to the terpene sythase superfamily, subfamily TPS-b. The arginine-tryptophan motif, R(R)X8W, present at the N-terminus of most mono-TPS and in some sesqui-TPS and di-TPS, is found in CoTPS3
malfunction
transgenic maize plants overexpressing EREB58 show constitutive overaccumulation of TPS10 transcripts and also two major TPS10 products, (E)-beta-farnesene and (E)-alpha-bergamotene. By contrast, the contents of these two sesquiterpenes are reduced in EREB58-RNAi transgenic lines, in which the expression of TPS10 is suppressed
additional information
the region from -300 to -200 of the maize TPS10 promoter is both necessary and sufficient for its inducibility by herbivory, the herbivore- and jasmonate-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor EREB58 is a positive regulator of TPS10 expression and TPS10 volatile emission in maize, and plays a potential role in indirect defense against herbivores in maize, EREB58 binds directly to the GCC-box within the promoter fragment from -300 to -200 and promotes TPS10 expression, phylogenetic analysis, overview
metabolism

-
the enzyme is part of the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds in flowers
metabolism
the herbivore-induced sesquiterpenes of maize are mainly produced by two terpene synthases, TPS10 and TPS23, which convert the substrate farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into various structurally diverse products
physiological function

-
recombinant CoTPS3 catalysed the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to alpha-bergamotene, from farnesyl diphosphate. The enzyme is part of the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in flowers. Floral scents are a key factor in plant-insect interactions and are vital for successful pollination. The scented flowers of Cananga odorata var. fruticosa are analysed by GC-MS and a total of 49 VOCs are identified at four different stages of flower development. The bulk of these VOCs are terpenes, mainly sesquiterpenes
physiological function
enzyme TPS10 forms (E)-alpha-bergamotene and (E)-beta-farnesene along with 13 minor sesquiterpenes in herbivore-damaged leaves
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Landmann, C.; Fink, B.; Festner, M.; Dregus, M.; Engel, K.H.; Schwab, W.
Cloning and functional characterization of three terpene synthases from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
465
417-429
2007
Lavandula angustifolia (Q2XSC4)
brenda
Schnee, C.; Köllner, T.G.; Held, M.; Turlings, T.C.; Gershenzon, J.; Degenhardt, J.
The products of a single maize sesquiterpene synthase form a volatile defense signal that attracts natural enemies of maize herbivores
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
103
1129-1134
2006
Zea mays (Q2NM15)
brenda
Jones, C.G.; Moniodis, J.; Zulak, K.G.; Scaffidi, A.; Plummer, J.A.; Ghisalberti, E.L.; Barbour, E.L.; Bohlmann, J.
Sandalwood fragrance biosynthesis involves sesquiterpene synthases of both the terpene synthase (TPS)-a and TPS-b subfamilies, including santalene synthases
J. Biol. Chem.
286
17445-17454
2011
Santalum album (E3W202), Santalum album, Santalum austrocaledonicum (E3W203), Santalum austrocaledonicum, Santalum spicatum (E3W204)
brenda
Jin, J.; Kim, M.J.; Dhandapani, S.; Tjhang, J.G.; Yin, J.L.; Wong, L.; Sarojam, R.; Chua, N.H.; Jang, I.C.
The floral transcriptome of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata var. fruticosa) uncovers biosynthetic pathways for volatile organic compounds and a multifunctional and novel sesquiterpene synthase
J. Exp. Bot.
66
3959-3975
2015
Cananga odorata var. fruticosa
brenda
Li, S.; Wang, H.; Li, F.; Chen, Z.; Li, X.; Zhu, L.; Wang, G.; Yu, J.; Huang, D.; Lang, Z.
The maize transcription factor EREB58 mediates the jasmonate-induced production of sesquiterpene volatiles
Plant J.
84
296-308
2015
Zea mays (Q2NM15)
brenda