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Literature summary for 4.2.3.81 extracted from
- Sandalwood fragrance biosynthesis involves sesquiterpene synthases of both the terpene synthase (TPS)-a and TPS-b subfamilies, including santalene synthases (2011), J. Biol. Chem., 286, 17445-17454.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression in Escherichia coli | Santalum album |
| expression in Escherichia coli | Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| expression in Escherichia coli | Santalum spicatum |
| heterologous expression of a His6-tagged protein in Escherichia coli | Santalum album |
| heterologous expression of a His6-tagged protein in Escherichia coli | Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| heterologous expression of a His6-tagged protein in Escherichia coli | Santalum spicatum |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0014 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | 30°C, pH 8.0 | Santalum album |  |
| 0.0014 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | 30°C, pH 8.0 | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| 0.0014 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | 30°C, pH 8.0 | Santalum spicatum | |
| 0.0014 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum album | |
| 0.0014 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| 0.0014 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum spicatum | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Santalum album | |
| Mg2+ | required | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| Mg2+ | required | Santalum spicatum | |
| Mg2+ | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum album | |
| Mg2+ | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| Mg2+ | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum spicatum | |
| Mn2+ | incubation in presence of Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| Mn2+ | incubation in presence of Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum spicatum | |
| Mn2+ | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum album | |
| Mn2+ | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| Mn2+ | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum spicatum | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 65163 | - |
x * 65163, calculated from sequence | Santalum album |
| 65268 | - |
x * 65268, calculated from sequence | Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| 65407 | - |
x * 65407, calculated from sequence | Santalum spicatum |
| 66000 | - |
- |
Santalum album |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | Santalum album | - |
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | Santalum austrocaledonicum | - |
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | Santalum spicatum | - |
(-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | Santalum spicatum | - |
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | Santalum album | - |
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | Santalum austrocaledonicum | - |
exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| additional information | Santalum album | Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Santalum austrocaledonicum | Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Santalum spicatum | Santalum spicatum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Santalum album | E3W202 | - |
- |
| Santalum austrocaledonicum | E3W203 | - |
- |
| Santalum spicatum | E3W204 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| xylem | - |
Santalum album | - |
| xylem | - |
Santalum austrocaledonicum | - |
| xylem | - |
Santalum spicatum | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum album | (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum austrocaledonicum | (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum spicatum | (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum album | (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum austrocaledonicum | (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | when incubated in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ the enzyme converts (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate into alpha-santalene, beta-santalene and epi-beta-santalene,alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha-farnesene and beta-farnesene. Incubations with Mn2+ yields mainly alpha-exo-bergamotene | Santalum spicatum | (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | - |
? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum spicatum | exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, alpha-exo-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum album | exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum austrocaledonicum | exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | - |
Santalum spicatum | exo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphate | products are alpha-santalene, beta-, and epi-beta-santalene, exo-alpha-bergamotene, as well as traces of alpha- and beta-farnesene | ? | |
| additional information | Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene. The product profile resulting from incubations of SaSSy with (6E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate resembles the authentic essential oil of Santalum album more closely than that of the (6Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate incubations | Santalum album | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Santalum austrocaledonicum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranxyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene | Santalum austrocaledonicum | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Santalum spicatum Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene | Santalum spicatum | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Santalum album Ssy also accepts (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, producing a mixture of endo-alpha-bergamotene, alpha-santalene, (Z)-beta-farnesene, epi-beta-santalene, and beta-santalene. With substrate geranyl diphosphate, products are linalool, geraniol, and terpineol along with traces of alpha-pinene and camphene | Santalum album | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 65163, calculated from sequence | Santalum album |
| ? | x * 65268, calculated from sequence | Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| ? | x * 65407, calculated from sequence | Santalum spicatum |
| ? | x * 66000, SDS-PAGE of recombinant His-tagged protein | Santalum album |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| SaSSy | - |
Santalum album |
| SspiSy | - |
Santalum spicatum |
| SSy | - |
Santalum album |
| SSy | - |
Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| SSy | - |
Santalum spicatum |
| SuSSy | - |
Santalum austrocaledonicum |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | - |
assay at | Santalum album |
| 25 | - |
assay at | Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| 25 | - |
assay at | Santalum spicatum |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.34 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum album | |
| 0.34 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | 30°C, pH 8.0 | Santalum album | |
| 0.91 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| 0.91 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | 30°C, pH 8.0 | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| 2.6 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum spicatum | |
| 2.6 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | 30°C, pH 8.0 | Santalum spicatum | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Santalum album |
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Santalum austrocaledonicum |
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Santalum spicatum |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 242.9 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum album | |
| 650 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum austrocaledonicum | |
| 1857 | - |
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate | pH 7.4, 25°C | Santalum spicatum | |
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