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Information on EC 1.14.99.38 - cholesterol 25-monooxygenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.14.99.38
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
1.14.99 Miscellaneous
1.14.99.38 cholesterol 25-monooxygenase
IUBMB Comments
Unlike most other sterol hydroxylases, this enzyme is not a cytochrome P-450. Instead, it uses diiron cofactors to catalyse the hydroxylation of hydrophobic substrates . The diiron cofactor can be either Fe-O-Fe or Fe-OH-Fe and is bound to the enzyme through interactions with clustered histidine or glutamate residues [4,5]. In cell cultures, this enzyme down-regulates cholesterol synthesis and the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). cf. EC 1.17.99.10, cholesterol C-25 hydroxylase.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 1.14.99.38
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pregnane
-
cyp2b10
- 25-hydroxycholesterol
-
androstane
- oxysterols
-
drug-metabolizing
- phenobarbital
-
cyp2c29
- ugt1a1
-
interferon-stimulated
-
cyp3a13
-
apap-induced
-
lithocholic
-
acetaminophen-induced
-
pxr-mediated
-
cyp2a4
-
pxr-null
-
tcpobop
- medicine
showSynonyms
cyp3a11, ch25h, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
C25H
CH25H
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase
cholesterol 25-monooxygenase
cholesterol-25-hydroxylase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cholesterol + reduced acceptor + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + acceptor + H2O
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
cholesterol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (25-hydroxylating)
Unlike most other sterol hydroxylases, this enzyme is not a cytochrome P-450. Instead, it uses diiron cofactors to catalyse the hydroxylation of hydrophobic substrates [1]. The diiron cofactor can be either Fe-O-Fe or Fe-OH-Fe and is bound to the enzyme through interactions with clustered histidine or glutamate residues [4,5]. In cell cultures, this enzyme down-regulates cholesterol synthesis and the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). cf. EC 1.17.99.10, cholesterol C-25 hydroxylase.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
60202-07-5
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase has the capacity to play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein processing and ultimately leads to inhibition of gene transcription
Products: -
Products: -
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: genetic variability in the set of cholesterol metabolism genes: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 does not influence the development of Alzheimers disease
Products: -
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme has the capacity to synthesize an active and potent regulator of the sterol response element binding protein pathway within the cell
Products: -
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4
Products: -
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by intact CYP3A4, most significant activity is 25-hydroxylation, which is higher than that of 4beta-hydroxylation, a marker activity of CYP3A4
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: lower 25-hydroxylation enzyme activity by CYP1A2 compared to marker enzyme CYP3A4
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: lower 25-hydroxylation enzyme activity by CYP2C9 compared to marker enzyme CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: lower 25-hydroxylation enzyme activity by CYP2D6 compared to marker enzyme CYP3A4
Products: -
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
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?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase has the capacity to play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein processing and ultimately leads to inhibition of gene transcription
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme has the capacity to synthesize an active and potent regulator of the sterol response element binding protein pathway within the cell
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: testicular macrophagers play an important role in the differentiation of Leydig cells through the secretion of 25-hydroxycholesterol
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: expression of 25-hydroxylase mRNA and production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by cultured testicular macrophages is significantly inhibited by testosterone at 0.01 mg/ml
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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additional information
?
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Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
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additional information
?
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Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
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Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase has the capacity to play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein processing and ultimately leads to inhibition of gene transcription
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: genetic variability in the set of cholesterol metabolism genes: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 does not influence the development of Alzheimers disease
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme has the capacity to synthesize an active and potent regulator of the sterol response element binding protein pathway within the cell
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by intact CYP3A4, most significant activity is 25-hydroxylation, which is higher than that of 4beta-hydroxylation, a marker activity of CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: lower 25-hydroxylation enzyme activity by CYP1A2 compared to marker enzyme CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: lower 25-hydroxylation enzyme activity by CYP2C9 compared to marker enzyme CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: lower 25-hydroxylation enzyme activity by CYP2D6 compared to marker enzyme CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase has the capacity to play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein processing and ultimately leads to inhibition of gene transcription
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme has the capacity to synthesize an active and potent regulator of the sterol response element binding protein pathway within the cell
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: the reaction might be catalyzed by CYP3A4
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: testicular macrophagers play an important role in the differentiation of Leydig cells through the secretion of 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cholesterol + AH2 + O2
25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: 25-hydroxycholesterol is a secondary autoxidation product derived from 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide identified in air-aged cholesterol. Thermal decomposition of 3beta-hydroxy-cholest-5-ene-25-hydroperoxide gives rise to 25-hydroxycholesterol
Products: -
Products: -
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe
Fe2+
Fe
diiron-containing enzyme. The iron is present as Fe-O-Fe or Fe-OH-Fe and is coordinated with clusters of conserved histidine residues
Fe
diiron-containing enzyme. The iron is present as Fe-O-Fe or Fe-OH-Fe and is coordinated with clusters of conserved histidine residues
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
desmosterol
a potent inhibitor of CH25H; a potent inhibitor of CH25H; a potent inhibitor of CH25H
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
incubation with LPS derived from Escherichia coli or Salmonella enterica induces CH25H mRNA
-
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
high transcription levels in the gonads, followed by skin and muscle
brenda
additional information
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have increased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in the lung
brenda
-
testicular, 10-day-old animals have the highest steady-state levels of message
brenda
high transcription levels in the gonads, followed by skin and muscle
brenda
high transcription levels in the gonads, followed by skin and muscle
brenda
additional information
high transcription levels in the gonads, followed by skin and muscle, but low levels in the intestine, spleen, and kidney
brenda
additional information
25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations in normal human sera correlates positively with the levels of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol, but does not significantly correlate with the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol or (24S)-hydroxycholesterol
brenda
additional information
25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations in normal human sera correlates positively with the levels of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol, but does not significantly correlate with the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol or (24S)-hydroxycholesterol
brenda
additional information
25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations in normal human sera correlates positively with the levels of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol, but does not significantly correlate with the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol or (24S)-hydroxycholesterol
brenda
additional information
25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations in normal human sera correlates positively with the levels of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol, but does not significantly correlate with the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol or (24S)-hydroxycholesterol
brenda
additional information
-
quantitative enzyme expression analysis in macrophages and dendritic cells, overview
brenda
additional information
-
quantitative enzyme expression analysis in macrophages and dendritic cells, overview
-
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
-
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
-
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
-
transmembrane enzyme, prediction of transmembrane structures for CH25H subunits, overview
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
physiological function
additional information
malfunction
loss of function of Ch25h leads to susceptibility to viral infections in vitro
malfunction
patients with hereditary spastic paresis, a rare inherited disease with mutations in the CYP7B1 gene, have highly elevated levels of 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol but normal levels of cholesterol and bile acids
malfunction
mice with a disruption in the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene regulate cholesterol metabolism normally. Ch25h-/- mice have higher levels of mRNAs coding for immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin J. Disruption in the Cyp7b1 gene leads to significantly increased levels of 25-hydroxycholesterol in the circulation, and to significantly lower levels of IgA compared to wild-type mice
malfunction
decitabine-induced hypomethylation of the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene is responsible for cell death of myelodysplasia/leukemia cells
physiological function
cholesterol-25-hydroxylase acts as a broadly antiviral interferon-stimulated gene. CH25H converts cholesterol to a soluble antiviral factor, 25-hydroxycholesterol. 25-Hydroxycholesterol treatment in cultured cells broadly inhibits growth of enveloped viruses including VSV, HSV, HIV, and MHV68 and acutely pathogenic EBOV, RVFV, RSSEV, and Nipah viruses. The compound inhibits cell entry of viruses HIV and VSV, and inhibits viral protein-mediated cell-cell membrane fusion of virus NIV. 25-Hydroxycholesterol directly modifies membranes
physiological function
formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol in liver mitochondria is dependent on CYP27A1, and the 25-hydroxycholesterol formed is subsequently sulfated by the insulin-regulated cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is, however, a weak activator of the liver X receptors. 25-Hydroxycholesterol is of great importance for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. 25-Hydroxycholesterol induces the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8
physiological function
important role for 25-hydroxycholesterol in the immune system. High concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol induce apoptosis in a mouse oligodendrocyte cell line 158N in an liver X receptor-independent manner. Treatment of these cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol results in enhanced secreted phospholipase A2 activity
physiological function
-
formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol in liver mitochondria is dependent on CYP27A1, and the 25-hydroxycholesterol formed is subsequently sulfated by the insulin-regulated cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b. 25-Hydroxycholesterol decreases the level of cytoplasmic IkBa and increases the nuclear NFkB level, its sulfated form has the opposite effects
physiological function
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
-
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
-
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
-
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism in the body by catalysing the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol which acts to repress cholesterol biosynthesis
physiological function
enzyme expression in human hepatoma cells restricts hepatitis C virus infection in a genotype-independent manner
physiological function
-
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase acts as a host restriction factor on pseudorabies virus replication
physiological function
-
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication
physiological function
-
the enzyme is a host restriction factor and part of the primary innate immune responses against hepatitis C virus infection. The enzyme inhibits hepatitis C virus infection by suppressing the maturation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, critical transcription factors for host lipid biosynthesis
physiological function
-
adenovirus-mediated enzyme overexpression in mice improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and lowers the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance score
physiological function
the enzyme restricts hepatitis C virus replication not only through its enzyme activity to produce 25-hydroxycholesterol but also by targeting the NS5A protein leading to the selective inhibition of NS5A dimer formation
physiological function
mice lacking Ch25H have normal cholesterol homeostasis with normal diet, but under the condition of high fat diet, the mice show higher total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and are prone to hepatic steatosis. Ch25H deficiency reduces the cholesterol efflux regulated by liver X receptor alpha, increases the synthesis of cholesterol mediated by sterol-regulatory element binding protein SREBP-2, and increases the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore promotes hepatic steatosis
physiological function
overexpression of both human and murine CH25H inhibits rabies virus (RABV) infection in HEK-293T cells. Silencing of CH25H enhances RABV replication in HEK-293T cells
physiological function
overexpression of both human and murine CH25H inhibits rabies virus (RABV) infection in HEK-293T cells. Silencing of CH25H enhances RABV replication in HEK-293T cells, and a catalytic mutant of CH25H lost its ability to inhibit RABV infection
physiological function
Ch25h?/? mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis exhibit aggravated injury, including higher clinical colitis scores, severe injury of the epithelial barrier, lower tight junction protein levels and higher levels of IL-6. Supplementation with exogenous 25-hydroxycholesterol ameliorates disease symptoms and reduces the extent of damage in dextran sulfate-induced colitis, characterized by lower colon damage, higher tight junction protein expression, significantly decreased local and systemic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6. In Caco2 and HCT116 cells, 25-hydroxycholesterol induces tight junction genes expression in colon cancer epithelial cells
physiological function
-
overexpression of CH25H inhibits porcine deltacoronavirus replication, whereas CH25H silencing promotes porcine deltacoronavirus infection
physiological function
-
overexpression of CH25H inhibits Senecavirus A replication. Knockdown or knockout of the endogenous CH25H promotes Senecavirus A infection. The anti-Senecavirus A effect of reaction product 25-hydroxycholesterol functions via inhibition of viral attachment and replication. A CH25H mutant lacking hydroxylase activity which can selectively interact and degrade Senecavirus A 3A protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway still restricts Senecavirus A infection
physiological function
extracellular reaction product 25-hydroxycholesterol links the TNF pathway with integrin-focal-adehesion kinase signaling for optimal pro-inflammatory activity. The MAPK/NFkappaB-C25H-25-hydroxycholesterol-integrin-focal adhesion kinase signaling network plays an essential role to amplify TNF dependent pro-inflammatory response
physiological function
extracellular reaction product 25-hydroxycholesterol links the TNF pathway with integrin-focal-adehesion kinase signaling for optimal pro-inflammatory activity. The MAPK/NFkappaB-C25H-25-hydroxycholesterol-integrin-focal adhesion kinase signaling network plays an essential role to amplify TNF dependent pro-inflammatory response
additional information
-
Ch25h expression is controlled primarily by type I IFN signaling, type1 IFN-mediated Ch25h expression is IFNR-dependent, overview
additional information
the high concentrations of vitamin D3 metabolites required for upregulation of the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene makes it unlikely that these metabolites are important regulators of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in vivo
additional information
25-hydroxycholesterol does not stimulate the sPLA2-IIA promoter in the mouse Schwann cell line MSC80
additional information
-
Ch25h expression is controlled primarily by type I IFN signaling, type1 IFN-mediated Ch25h expression is IFNR-dependent, overview
-
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). A0A3P8UHK6_CYNSE
251
0
28879
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
F6T000_HORSE
270
0
31464
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
F7EC50_MACMU
272
0
31850
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
CP1A2_HUMAN
516
1
58407
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 5)
Q0P599_BOVIN
270
0
31326
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
Q95992_9NEOP
174
0
20374
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
H242Q/H243Q
H242E/H243E
catalytic mutant, has lost its ability to inhibit RABV infection
H242Q/H243Q
additional information
H242Q/H243Q
-
mutant lacking hydroxylase activity, but can selectively interact and degrade Senecavirus A 3A protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, still restricts Senecavirus A infection
H242Q/H243Q
-
mutant CH25H lacking hydroxylase activity, inhibits porcine deltacoronavirus infection to a lesser extent than wild-type
additional information
in cells overexpressing human recombinant CYP3A4, the activity of cholesterol 25-hydroxylation is higher than that of cholesterol 4beta-hydroxylation, a known marker activity of CYP3A4
additional information
in cells overexpressing human recombinant CYP3A4, the activity of cholesterol 25-hydroxylation is higher than that of cholesterol 4beta-hydroxylation, a known marker activity of CYP3A4
additional information
in cells overexpressing human recombinant CYP3A4, the activity of cholesterol 25-hydroxylation is higher than that of cholesterol 4beta-hydroxylation, a known marker activity of CYP3A4
additional information
in cells overexpressing human recombinant CYP3A4, the activity of cholesterol 25-hydroxylation is higher than that of cholesterol 4beta-hydroxylation, a known marker activity of CYP3A4
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in COS cells, expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in transfected cells reduces the biosynthesis of cholesterol from acetate and suppresses the cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and -2
gene CH25H, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
-
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 1, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 10, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 19, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 26, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 6, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
-
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 9, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
recombinant expression in insect cell microsomes via baculovirus transfection
expression in COS cells, expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in transfected cells reduces the biosynthesis of cholesterol from acetate and suppresses the cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and -2
expression in COS cells, expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in transfected cells reduces the biosynthesis of cholesterol from acetate and suppresses the cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and -2
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 1, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 1, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 26, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
intronless gene CH25H is located on chromosome 26, DNA and amino acid sequence deterination and analysis, sequence comparisons, gene structures and tandem locations for the human CH25H and LIPA, EC 3.1.1.13, genes on chromosome 10
-
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
activation of the innate immune system by TLR ligands induces 25-hydroxycholesterol production which results in suppression of IgA class switching in B cells
both IFN-alpha- and IFN-gamma induce the enzyme in bone marrow-derived macrophages
Ch25H level is decreased in livers of ob/ob mice and E3 rats fed an high-fat diet
enzyme expression is not induced by interferons in human cells and knockdown of STAT-1 has no effect on the induction of the enzyme
-
exposure to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and decitabine enhances enzyme mRNA expression in myelodysplasia/leukemia cell lines
expression of CH25H is upregulated upon rabies virus infection
high arachidonic acid levels significantly increase the CH25H transcription in the gonads and brain of male fish, but do not affect the transcription in the females
induction of Ch25h is JAK- and STAT1-dependent, overview
induction of CYP3A by pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile causes accumulation of 25-hydroxycholesterol in cell line AML12 derived from mouse liver, the induction is not suppressed by the addition of desmosterol. Although the transcription of Ch25h is also upregulated by addition of pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, the protein level of CH25H is not elevated. Desmosterol does not affect the expression of cellular CYP3A protein, but CH25H protein level is obviously decreased by desmosterol treatment
porcine deltacoronavirus infection significantly upregulates the expression of CH25H in a cell line of porcine ileum epithelium
-
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection significantly downregulates the expression of the enzyme in cells
-
pseudorabies virus infection of porcine alveolar macrophages is attenuated by enzyme overexpression (24 h post infection)
-
the enzyme expression in primary human hepatocytes is primarily and transiently induced by type I interferon. Infection with hepatitis C virus causes up-regulation of the enzyme in vivo
the enzyme is upregulated upon poly(I:C) treatment or hepatitis C virus infection in hepatocytes
-
the enzyme mRNA expression level is originally low in myelodysplasia/leukemia cell lines. Enzyme knockdown partially protects the cells from decitabine-induced cell death
vasoprotective stimuli such as pulsatile shear stress and statins increase the expression of the enzyme via Krueppel-like factor 4
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
medicine
medicine
-
genetic variability in the set of cholesterol metabolism genes: cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 does not influence the development of Alzheimers disease
medicine
-
patients with Alzheimers disease show high expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene in specifically vulnerable brain regions. The common enzyme haplotype CH25Hchi4 is a putative susceptibility factor for sporadic Alzheimers disease
medicine
hepatic overexpression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase or exogenous administration of 25-hydroxycholesterol in mice drastically reduces the high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis via massive production of bile acids. Ch25h-/- mice fed an high-fat diet show aggravated fatty liver and a decreased level of cytochrome P450 7A1. The mechanism involves 25-hydroxycholesterol activation of the liver X receptor-cytochrome P450 7A1 pathway
medicine
mice lacking Ch25H have normal cholesterol homeostasis with normal diet, but under the condition of high fat diet, the mice show higher total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and are prone to hepatic steatosis. Ch25H deficiency reduces the cholesterol efflux regulated by liver X receptor alpha, increases the synthesis of cholesterol mediated by sterol-regulatory element binding protein SREBP-2, and increases the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore promotes hepatic steatosis
medicine
overexpression of both human and murine CH25H inhibits rabies virus (RABV) infection in HEK-293T cells. Silencing of CH25H enhances RABV replication in HEK-293T cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol, the product of CH25H, dramatically decreases RABV replication in HEK-293T cells, BSR and N2a cells by inhibiting viral membrane penetration
medicine
overexpression of both human and murine CH25H inhibits rabies virus (RABV) infection in HEK-293T cells. Silencing of CH25H enhances RABV replication in HEK-293T cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol, the product of CH25H, dramatically decreases RABV replication in HEK-293T cells, BSR and N2a cells by inhibiting viral membrane penetration
medicine
Ch25h-/- mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis exhibit aggravated injury, including higher clinical colitis scores, severe injury of the epithelial barrier, lower tight junction protein levels and higher levels of IL-6. Supplementation with exogenous 25-hydroxycholesterol ameliorates disease symptoms and reduces the extent of damage in dextran sulfate-induced colitis, characterized by lower colon damage, higher tight junction protein expression, significantly decreased local and systemic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6. In Caco2 and HCT116 cells, 25-hydroxycholesterol induces tight junction genes expression in colon cancer epithelial cells
medicine
cholesterol 25-hydroxylase is induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in COVID-19-infected patients.CH25H converts cholesterol to 25-hydrocholesterol, which shows broad anti-coronavirus activity by blocking membrane fusion. 25-inhibits USA-WA1/2020 SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung epithelial cells and viral entry in human lung organoids. Mechanistically, 25-hydroxycholesterol inhibits viral membrane fusion by activating the ER-localized acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase
medicine
CH25H and its enzymatic product 25-hydroxycholesterol are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Internalized 25-hydroxycholesterol accumulates in the late endosomes and potentially restricts SARS-CoV-2 spike protein catalyzed membrane fusion via blockade of cholesterol export
medicine
-
overexpression of CH25H inhibits porcine deltacoronavirus replication, whereas CH25H silencing promotes porcine deltacoronavirus infection. Treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol inhibits porcine deltacoronavirus proliferation by impairing viral invasion of IPI-FX cells. A mutant CH25H lacking hydroxylase activity also inhibits porcine deltacoronavirus infection to a lesser extent
medicine
-
overexpression of CH25H inhibits Senecavirus A replication. Knockdown or knockout of the endogenous CH25H promotes Senecavirus A infection. The anti-Senecavirus A effect of reaction product 25-hydroxycholesterol functions via inhibition of viral attachment and replication. A CH25H mutant lacking hydroxylase activity which can selectively interact and degrade Senecavirus A 3A protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway still restricts Senecavirus A infection
medicine
the 25HC-integrin-focal adhesion kinase pathway amplifies and optimizes TNF-mediated proinflammatory response. 25HC generating enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (C25H) is induced by TNF via NFkappaB and MAPK pathways. Binding Activator Protein-1 transcription factor ATF2 to the C25H promoter following TNF stimulation. Loss of C25H, focal adhesion kinase and alpha5 integrin expression and inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and alpha5beta1 integrin with inhibitor and blocking antibody, respectively, lead to diminished TNF-mediated pro-inflammatory response
medicine
the 25HC-integrin-focal adhesion kinase pathway amplifies and optimizes TNF-mediated proinflammatory response. 25HC generating enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (C25H) is induced by TNF via NFkappaB and MAPK pathways. Binding Activator Protein-1 transcription factor ATF2 to the C25H promoter following TNF stimulation. Loss of C25H, focal adhesion kinase and alpha5 integrin expression and inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and alpha5beta1 integrin with inhibitor and blocking antibody, respectively, lead to diminished TNF-mediated pro-inflammatory response
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Russell, D.W.
Oxysterol biosynthetic enzymes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1529
126-135
2000
Homo sapiens (O95992), Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Lukyanenko, Y.O.; Chen, J.J.; Hutson, J.C.
Production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by testicular macrophages and its effects on Leydig cells
Biol. Reprod.
64
790-796
2001
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Chen, J.J.; Lukyanenko, Y.; Hutson, J.C.
25-hydroxycholesterol is produced by testicular macrophages during the early postnatal period and influences differentiation of Leydig cells in vitro
Biol. Reprod.
66
1336-1341
2002
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Lukyanenko, Y.; Chen, J.J.; Hutson, J.C.
Testosterone regulates 25-hydroxycholesterol production in testicular macrophages
Biol. Reprod.
67
1435-1438
2002
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Lund, E.G.; Kerr, T.A.; Sakai, J.; Li, W.P.; Russell, D.W.
cDNA cloning of mouse and human cholesterol 25-hydroxylases, polytopic membrane proteins that synthesize a potent oxysterol regulator of lipid metabolism
J. Biol. Chem.
273
34316-34327
1998
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5), Homo sapiens (O95992)
brenda
Shibata, N.; Kawarai, T.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, H.S.; Shibata, E.; Sato, C.; Liang, Y.; Duara, R.; Mayeux, R.P.; St George-Hyslop, P.H.; Rogaeva, E.
Association studies of cholesterol metabolism genes (CH25H, ABCA1 and CH24H) in Alzheimer's disease
Neurosci. Lett.
391
142-146
2006
Homo sapiens
brenda
Papassotiropoulos, A.; Lambert, J.C.; Wavrant-De Vrieze, F.; Wollmer, M.A.; von der Kammer, H.; Streffer, J.R.; Maddalena, A.; Huynh, K.D.; Wolleb, S.; Lutjohann, D.; Schneider, B.; Thal, D.R.; Grimaldi, L.M.; Tsolaki, M.; Kapaki, E.; Ravid, R.; Konietzko, U.; Hegi, T.; Pasch, T.; Jung, H.; Braak, H.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase on chromosome 10q is a susceptibility gene for sporadic Alzheimers disease
Neurodegener. Dis.
2
233-241
2005
Homo sapiens
brenda
Diczfalusy, U.; Olofsson, K.; Carlsson, A.; Gong, M.; Golenbock, D.; Rooyackers, O.; Flring, U.; Bjrkbacka, H.
Marked upregulation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression by lipopolysaccharide
J. Lipid Res.
50
2258-2264
2009
Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
brenda
Bauman, D.R.; Bitmansour, A.D.; McDonald, J.G.; Thompson, B.M.; Liang, G.; Russell, D.W.
25-Hydroxycholesterol secreted by macrophages in response to Toll-like receptor activation suppresses immunoglobulin A production
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106
16764-16769
2009
Mus musculus
brenda
Park, K.; Scott, A.L.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase production by dendritic cells and macrophages is regulated by type I interferons
J. Leukoc. Biol.
88
1081-1087
2010
Mus musculus, Mus musculus BALB/cJ
brenda
Holmes, R.S.; Vandeberg, J.L.; Cox, L.A.
Genomics and proteomics of vertebrate cholesterol ester lipase (LIPA) and cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H)
3 Biotech
1
99-109
2011
Bos taurus (Q0P599), Canis lupus familiaris, Equus caballus (F6T000), Gallus gallus, Homo sapiens (O95992), Homo sapiens, Macaca mulatta (F7EC50), Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5), Rattus norvegicus (Q4QQV7), Xenopus tropicalis
brenda
Diczfalusy, U.
On the formation and possible biological role of 25-hydroxycholesterol
Biochimie
95
455-460
2013
Homo sapiens (Q02318), Mus musculus (Q64459), Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
brenda
Liu, S.Y.; Aliyari, R.; Chikere, K.; Li, G.; Marsden, M.D.; Smith, J.K.; Pernet, O.; Guo, H.; Nusbaum, R.; Zack, J.A.; Freiberg, A.N.; Su, L.; Lee, B.; Cheng, G.
Interferon-inducible cholesterol-25-hydroxylase broadly inhibits viral entry by production of 25-hydroxycholesterol
Immunity
38
92-105
2013
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Honda, A.; Miyazaki, T.; Ikegami, T.; Iwamoto, J.; Maeda, T.; Hirayama, T.; Saito, Y.; Teramoto, T.; Matsuzaki, Y.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylation activity of CYP3A
J. Lipid Res.
52
1509-1516
2011
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5), Homo sapiens (P08684), Homo sapiens (P05177), Homo sapiens (P10635), Homo sapiens (P11712)
brenda
Li, Z.; Martin, M.; Zhang, J.; Huang, H.Y.; Bai, L.; Zhang, J.; Kang, J.; He, M.; Li, J.; Maurya, M.R.; Gupta, S.; Zhou, G.; Sangwung, P.; Xu, Y.J.; Lei, T.; Huang, H.D.; Jain, M.; Jain, M.K.; Subramaniam, S.; Shyy, J.Y.
Krueppel-like factor 4 regulation of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase and liver X receptor mitigates atherosclerosis susceptibility
Circulation
136
1315-1330
2017
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Anggakusuma, G.; Romero-Brey, I.; Berger, C.; Colpitts, C.C.; Boldanova, T.; Engelmann, M.; Todt, D.; Perin, P.M.; Behrendt, P.; Vondran, F.W.; Xu, S.; Goffinet, C.; Schang, L.M.; Heim, M.H.; Bartenschlager, R.; Pietschmann, T.; Steinmann, E.
Interferon-inducible cholesterol-25-hydroxylase restricts hepatitis C virus replication through blockage of membranous web formation
Hepatology
62
702-714
2015
Homo sapiens (Q95992), Homo sapiens
brenda
Noebauer, B.; Jais, A.; Todoric, J.; Gossens, K.; Sutterluety-Fall, H.; Einwallner, E.
Hepatic cholesterol-25-hydroxylase overexpression improves systemic insulin sensitivity in mice
J. Diabetes Res.
2017
4108768
2017
Mus musculus
brenda
Wang, J.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, L.; Guo, Z.Z.; Lu, S.F.; Ming, S.L.; Li, G.L.; Wan, B.; Tian, K.G.; Yang, G.Y.; Chu, B.B.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase acts as a host restriction factor on pseudorabies virus replication
J. Gen. Virol.
98
1467-1476
2017
Sus scrofa
brenda
Mukherjee, P.; Hough, G.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Navab, M.; Fogelman, H.R.; Meriwether, D.; Williams, K.; Bensinger, S.; Moller, T.; Faull, K.F.; Lusis, A.J.; Iruela-Arispe, M.L.; Bostrom, K.I.; Tontonoz, P.; Reddy, S.T.; Fogelman, A.M.
Transgenic tomatoes expressing the 6F peptide and ezetimibe prevent diet-induced increases of IFN-beta and cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in jejunum
J. Lipid Res.
58
1636-1647
2017
Mus musculus
brenda
Xiang, Y.; Tang, J.J.; Tao, W.; Cao, X.; Song, B.L.; Zhong, J.
Identification of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase as a novel host restriction factor and a part of the primary innate immune responses against hepatitis C virus infection
J. Virol.
89
6805-6816
2015
Homo sapiens
brenda
Ke, W.; Fang, L.; Jing, H.; Tao, R.; Wang, T.; Li, Y.; Long, S.; Wang, D.; Xiao, S.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication through enzyme activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms
J. Virol.
91
e00827-17
2017
Sus scrofa
brenda
Chen, Y.; Wang, S.; Yi, Z.; Tian, H.; Aliyari, R.; Li, Y.; Chen, G.; Liu, P.; Zhong, J.; Chen, X.; Du, P.; Su, L.; Qin, F.X.; Deng, H.; Cheng, G.
Interferon-inducible cholesterol-25-hydroxylase inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via distinct mechanisms
Sci. Rep.
4
7242
2014
Homo sapiens (Q95992)
brenda
Tsujioka, T.; Yokoi, A.; Itano, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Ouchida, M.; Okamoto, S.; Kondo, T.; Suemori, S.; Tohyama, Y.; Tohyama, K.
Five-aza-2-deoxycytidine-induced hypomethylation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene is responsible for cell death of myelodysplasia/leukemia cells
Sci. Rep.
5
16709
2015
Homo sapiens (Q95992)
brenda
Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Chen, J.; Wang, D.; Yu, Y.; Qiu, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhao, W.; Li, Z.; Lei, T.
Ch25h and 25-HC prevent liver steatosis through regulation of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation
Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)
54
1-10
2022
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Yuan, Y.; Wang, Z.; Tian, B.; Zhou, M.; Fu, Z.F.; Zhao, L.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses rabies virus infection by inhibiting viral entry
Arch. Virol.
164
2963-2974
2019
Homo sapiens (O95992), Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Dong, Z.; He, F.; Yan, X.; Xing, Y.; Lei, Y.; Gao, J.; He, M.; Li, D.; Bai, L.; Yuan, Z.; Y-J Shyy, J.
Hepatic reduction in cholesterol 25-hydroxylase aggravates diet-induced steatosis
Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
13
1161-1179
2022
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Wang, S.; Li, W.; Hui, H.; Tiwari, S.K.; Zhang, Q.; Croker, B.A.; Rawlings, S.; Smith, D.; Carlin, A.F.; Rana, T.M.
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses by depleting membrane cholesterol
EMBO J.
39
e106057
2020
Homo sapiens (O95992)
brenda
Xu, H.; Sun, B.; Jia, L.; Wei, Y.; Liao, Z.; Liang, M.
Cloning and characterization of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ch25h) from a marine teleost, Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), and its gene expressions in response to dietary arachidonic acid
Front. Mar. Sci.
6
800
2020
Cynoglossus semilaevis (A0A3P8UHK6)
-
brenda
Pokharel, S.M.; Chiok, K.; Shil, N.K.; Mohanty, I.; Bose, S.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha utilizes MAPK/NFkappaB pathways to induce cholesterol-25 hydroxylase for amplifying pro-inflammatory response via 25-hydroxycholesterol-integrin-FAK pathway
PLoS ONE
16
e0257576
2021
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5), Homo sapiens (O95992)
brenda
Zang, R.; Case, J.B.; Yutuc, E.; Ma, X.; Shen, S.; Gomez Castro, M.F.; Liu, Z.; Zeng, Q.; Zhao, H.; Son, J.; Rothlauf, P.W.; Kreutzberger, A.J.B.; Hou, G.; Zhang, H.; Bose, S.; Wang, X.; Vahey, M.D.; Mani, K.; Griffiths, W.J.; Kirchhausen, T.; Fremont, D.H.; Guo, H.; Diwan, A.; Wang, Y.; Diamond, M.S.; Whelan, S.P.J.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
117
32105-32113
2020
Homo sapiens (O95992)
brenda
Sheng, N.; Ma, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, J.; Gao, Y.; Fu, X.Y.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase protects against experimental colitis in mice by modulating epithelial gut barrier function
Sci. Rep.
10
14246
2020
Mus musculus (Q9Z0F5)
brenda
Zhu, H.; Yan, J.; Liu, X.; Li, L.; Liu, W.; Wang, X.; Jiang, P.; Bai, J.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase inhibits Senecavirus A replication by enzyme activity-dependent and independent mechanisms
Vet. Microbiol.
256
109038
2021
Cricetulus griseus
brenda
Ke, W.; Wu, X.; Fang, P.; Zhou, Y.; Fang, L.; Xiao, S.
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses porcine deltacoronavirus infection by inhibiting viral entry
Virus Res.
295
198306
2021
Sus scrofa
brenda
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 1.14.99.38)
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Release 2026.1 (March 2026)
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