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Information on EC 1.14.13.81 - magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.14.13.81
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
1.14.13 With NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
1.14.13.81 magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
IUBMB Comments
Requires iron(II) for activity. The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of chlorophyllide a in aerobic organisms. The same transformation is achieved in anaerobic organisms by EC 1.21.98.3, anaerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase. Some facultative phototrophic bacteria, such as Rubrivivax gelatinosus, possess both enzymes.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
- 1.14.13.81
- chlorophyll
- chloroplast
- protochlorophyllide
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isocyclic
- tetrapyrrole
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photosystems
- chelatase
- bacteriochlorophyll
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light-harvesting
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chlorotic
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pchlide
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diiron
- lhcii
- aureum
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rubrivivax
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anoxygenic
- gelatinosus
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epipremnum
- synthesis
Reaction Schemes
showSynonyms
chl27, mg-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester cyclase, xantha-l, pempec, mg-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase, sll1214, mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase, oscrd1, magnesium-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester cyclase, mpe-cyclase, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AcsF
AcsF protein
aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase
BChE
CHL27
CHL27 protein
CRD1
Crd1 protein
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, first identified as gene in response to copper deficiency, one of two isozymes
cyclase, magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
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LCAA
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a subunit of the Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase which is required for the stability of the enzyme
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase
magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX monomethyl ester cyclase
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magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase
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Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
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Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase
Mg-protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase
MgPME cyclase
MPEC
MPEC gene product
oxygen-dependent Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase system
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oxygen-independent Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase system
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rice copper response defect 1
i.e. OsCRD1, a putative subunit of enzyme MPEC
AcsF
gammaproteobacteria NOR51-B
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CHL27
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a subunit of the Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase which is required for the enzyme reaction
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase
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Mg-protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase
gammaproteobacteria NOR51-B
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Mg-protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + 2 H2O
(1b)
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131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + 2 H2O
(1c)
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
(1a)
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
overall reaction
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
overall reaction, reaction mechanism of the aerobic cyclase reaction, overview. The cyclase reaction is a six-electron redox reaction suggested to proceed via beta-hydroxy and beta-keto intermediates. The electrons are provided by Fd. NADPH can be used as the source of electrons transferred to ferredoxin (Fd) via ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR). In green tissue, Fd can also be reduced by photosystem I
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
mass spectrometry identified 131-hydroxy-MgPME and 131-keto-MgPME are intermediates in the formation of the isocyclic ring, revealing the reaction chemistry that converts porphyrins to chlorins. Reaction mechanism, identification of proposed reaction intermediates in the progress of the reaction by mass spectrometry, overview
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
cyclization
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oxidation
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redox reaction
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reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
magnesium-protoporphyrin-IX 13-monomethyl ester,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating)
Requires iron(II) for activity. The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of chlorophyllide a in aerobic organisms. The same transformation is achieved in anaerobic organisms by EC 1.21.98.3, anaerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase. Some facultative phototrophic bacteria, such as Rubrivivax gelatinosus, possess both enzymes.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
92353-62-3
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
magnesium-mesoporphyrin IX + NADPH + O2
diethyl protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX + NADPH + O2
? + NADP+ + H2O
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Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + O2 + NADPH + H+
Mg-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
ir
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
ir
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
E0MPX4
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A3WHT4
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
H3NRI3
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
gammaproteobacteria NOR51-B
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Q28W44
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A6FPX8, A4EGS5
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A6FPX8
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A4EGS5
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A3VXW7
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A3VXW7
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
F3LQD6
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
F3LQD6
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: bacteria are grown under anaerobic (dark green culture color) or semiaerobic (orange-red culture color) conditions and express the enzyme genes under both conditions to similar levels, though the enzyme is normally working under aerobic conditions
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: bacteria are grown under anaerobic (dark green culture color) or semiaerobic (orange-red culture color) conditions and express the enzyme genes under both conditions to similar levels, though the enzyme is normally working under aerobic conditions
Products: -
Products: -
?
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + O2 + NADPH + H+
Mg-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: disruption of the bchE gene leads to accumulation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester and the divinyl form of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
Products: -
Products: -
?
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + O2 + NADPH + H+
Mg-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: overview: tetrapyrrole with substituents at various positions
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: overview: tetrapyrrole with substituents at various positions
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, the chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates Mg-protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester are used as a signal molecules in the chloroplast-to-nucleus signal transduction for regulation of nucleus-located Lhc genes encoding chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of the light-harvesting complex
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in vitro cyclase activity is obtained with recombinant XanL in combination with ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR). Fd and FNR are plastid-localized redox components. Enzymatic assays combining spinach Fd and FNR with XanL[coYcf54] show high activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: in vitro cyclase activity is obtained with recombinant XanL in combination with ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR). Fd and FNR are plastid-localized redox components. Enzymatic assays combining spinach Fd and FNR with XanL[coYcf54] show high activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme converts Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester into protochlorophylide, a reaction of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme converts Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester into protochlorophylide
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: AcsF and BchE perform incorporation of an oxygen atom from molecular oxygen and water into the C-13 position of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester, respectively. ChlAI is the sole MPE cyclase system under aerobic conditions and the induced ChlAII operates together with ChlAI under micro-oxic conditions
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: transformation of the side chain of magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MgPMe)
Products: -
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
ir
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + O2 + NADPH + H+
Mg-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: disruption of the bchE gene leads to accumulation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester and the divinyl form of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
131-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2
3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
131-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
Products: intermediates are 6-beta-hydroxy analogue and 6-beta-oxo analogue of protochlorophyllide a
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
E0MPX4
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A3WHT4
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
H3NRI3
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
gammaproteobacteria NOR51-B
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Q28W44
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A6FPX8, A4EGS5
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A6FPX8
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A4EGS5
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A3VXW7
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
A3VXW7
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
F3LQD6
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
F3LQD6
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester + NADPH + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: bacteria are grown under anaerobic (dark green culture color) or semiaerobic (orange-red culture color) conditions and express the enzyme genes under both conditions to similar levels, though the enzyme is normally working under aerobic conditions
Products: -
Products: -
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magnesium-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2
magnesium-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O
Substrates: bacteria are grown under anaerobic (dark green culture color) or semiaerobic (orange-red culture color) conditions and express the enzyme genes under both conditions to similar levels, though the enzyme is normally working under aerobic conditions
Products: -
Products: -
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additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, the chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates Mg-protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester are used as a signal molecules in the chloroplast-to-nucleus signal transduction for regulation of nucleus-located Lhc genes encoding chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of the light-harvesting complex
Products: -
Products: -
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additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme converts Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester into protochlorophylide, a reaction of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic pathway
Products: -
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additional information
?
-
Substrates: transformation of the side chain of magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MgPMe)
Products: -
Products: -
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
heme
high probability for binuclear iron motif is proposed by sequence alignment, and a significant iron amount in the chlorosome fraction cannot be assigned to other chlorosome proteins
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe2+
Mg2+
Fe2+
required, the aerobic cyclase belongs to the family of diiron carboxylate-bridged proteins characterized by the iron-binding motif E-Xn-E-X-X-H-Xn-E-Xn-E-X-X-H
Fe2+
a ferritin-like, diiron-carboxylate protein, ion ions have a catalytic function in the enzyme
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate
-
partial inhibition of intact chloroplasts at 2.5 mM
4-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate
-
50% inhibition at 0.6 mM, 75% inhibition at 1.5 mM
CN-
-
iron chelator strongly inhibits enzyme in reconstituted in vitro assay but not or only slightly in intact chloroplast systems with membrane-bound haemoprotein
methylene blue
-
complete inhibition at 0.02 mM, can be partially reversed by NADPH
N3-
-
iron chelator strongly inhibits enzyme in reconstituted in vitro assay but not or only slightly in intact chloroplast systems with membrane-bound haemoprotein
additional information
assays performed with barley extract are inhibited by antibodies raised against ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR)
-
additional information
-
assays performed with barley extract are inhibited by antibodies raised against ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR)
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
XanL
-
required by the enzyme, found associated with the membrane and protein Ycf54
-
Ycf54 protein
the Ycf54 protein forms a complex with the component of the oxidative cyclase, Sll1214 (CycI, gene slr1780). Partial inactivation of the ycf54 gene leads to Chl deficiency in cyanobacteria and plants, and the complete deletion of the ycf54 gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 results accumulation of huge concentrations of the cyclase substrate MgPME together with 3-formyl MgPME, in the DELTAycf54 strain. The Ycf54 protein is important, but not essential, for activity of the oxidative cyclase
-
ascorbate
-
prevents degradation of tetrapyrroles by reactive oxygen species
ascorbate
-
prevents degradation of tetrapyrroles by reactive oxygen species
catalase
-
prevents degradation of tetrapyrroles by reactive oxygen species
-
catalase
-
prevents degradation of tetrapyrroles by reactive oxygen species
-
isoascorbate
-
prevents degradation of tetrapyrroles by reactive oxygen species
isoascorbate
-
prevents degradation of tetrapyrroles by reactive oxygen species
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
1 mM, absolute requirement when magnesium-protoporphyrin IX is used as substrate
Ycf54
-
identified based upon strong association of Ycf54 with XanL. Active Ycf54 is membrane localized. The conserved chloroplast polypeptide Ycf54 is involved in the MPEC-enzyme catalyzed reaction. Sequencing, recombinant expression as His-tagged protein, and purification, UniProt ID F2D891
-
Ycf54
-
essential for cyclase activity and/or stability forming a complex with other oxidative cyclase components Sll1214 and Sll1874
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
magnesium-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase deficiency
Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase deficiency and effects on tetrapyrrole metabolism in different light conditions.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0073
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
Michaelis-Menten kinetics, recombinant enzyme, pH 7.7, 30°C
0.16
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
sigmoidal kinetics, recombinant enzyme, pH 7.7, 30°C
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics. The dependence of the initial rate on MgPME followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, a sigmoidal relationship is found between the initial rate and the NADPH concentration so the Hill equation is used to fit the kinetic data
-
additional information
additional information
-
steady-state kinetics. The dependence of the initial rate on MgPME followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, a sigmoidal relationship is found between the initial rate and the NADPH concentration so the Hill equation is used to fit the kinetic data
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0151
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
Michaelis-Menten kinetics, recombinant enzyme, pH 7.7, 30°C
0.0177
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
sigmoidal kinetics, recombinant enzyme, pH 7.7, 30°C
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.111
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
sigmoidal kinetics, recombinant enzyme, pH 7.7, 30°C
2.069
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester
Michaelis-Menten kinetics, recombinant enzyme, pH 7.7, 30°C
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
gene xantha-I; cv. Bonus, the aerobic cyclase is composed of three gene products, a soluble protein, a membrane-bound component encoded by xantha-l, and another membrane-bound component encoded by viridis-k
SwissProt
brenda
cv. Zhongjiazao 17, grown in paddy fields during normal growing seasons at the China National Rice Research Institute, in Hangzhou, as well as in a growth chamber
-
-
brenda
two acsF-like genes, sll1214 or chlAI and sll1874 orchlAII, and three bchE-like genes, slr0905, sll1242, and slr0309
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
transcription of PeMPEC occurs mainly in the leaf
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
-
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
-
no expression in root and flower, expression in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
-
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
-
enzyme subunit YL-1 protein localizes in chloroplasts, and is mainly expressed in green tissues, with greatest abundance in leaves and young panicles
brenda
additional information
-
subunit YGL8 is constitutively expressed in various tissues, with more abundance in young leaves and panicles
brenda
additional information
gene OsCRD1 is mainly expressed in green tissues, including stem, leaf, tassel and sheath, but not in root
brenda
additional information
YSL1 is expressed mainly in photosynthetic tissues and organs, almost no expression is detected in root, and its encoded protein is transported into the chloroplast with a signal peptide
brenda
additional information
very low or no enzyme expression in root, stem, and sheath
brenda
additional information
-
very low or no enzyme expression in root, stem, and sheath
brenda
additional information
-
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
additional information
in photosynthetic tissue, undetectable in non-photosynthetic tissues
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
N-terminal 39 amino acids are essential for chloroplast localization of the enzyme
brenda
-
membrane bound cell extract from cucumbers
brenda
-
the YGL8 subunit contains a chloroplast transit peptide
brenda
significant portion of the protein is not accessible to proteases, chlorosome envelop is a special lipid monolayer, complement of chlorophyll pigments, self-assembled into antenna structures
brenda
-
significant portion of the protein is not accessible to proteases, chlorosome envelop is a special lipid monolayer, complement of chlorophyll pigments, self-assembled into antenna structures
-
brenda
the aerobic cyclase is composed of three gene products, a soluble protein, a membrane-bound component encoded by xantha-l, and another membrane-bound component encoded by viridis-k
brenda
the aerobic cyclase is composed of three gene products, a soluble protein, a membrane-bound component encoded by xantha-l, and another membrane-bound component encoded by viridis-k
-
brenda
additional information
-
recombination of chloroplast membrane and cytoplasm fractions is necessary to restore cucumber cyclase activity in vitro
-
brenda
additional information
the enzyme sequence contains a transit peptide
-
brenda
additional information
-
the enzyme sequence contains a transit peptide
-
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
-
protein YGL8 has the dual functions in chlorophyll biosynthesis: one as a catalytic subunit of MgPME cyclase, the other as a core component of FLU-YGL8-LCAA-POR complex in chlorophyll biosynthesis, physical interaction between YGL8 and a rice chloroplast protein, low chlorophyll accumulation A (OsLCAA). YGL8 also interacts with the other two rice chloroplast proteins, viz. fluorescent (OsFLU1) and NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (OsPORB)
evolution
the enzyme belongs to the ferritin-like, diiron-carboxylate protein family
evolution
two distinct enzymes have been identified that catalyze the cyclase reaction, originally distinguished by the source of the incorporated oxygen. The enzyme that catalyzes the cyclase reaction in the absence of molecular oxygen (anaerobic) derives the oxygen from water and is encoded by bchE in facultative photosynthetic bacteria like Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The anaerobic enzyme functions as a hydratase, whereas the aerobic cyclase is an oxygenase. The aerobic cyclase belongs to the family of diiron carboxylate-bridged proteins characterized by the iron-binding motif E-Xn-E-X-X-H-Xn-E-Xn-E-X-X-H. The cyclase activity requires both additional soluble and membrane-bound fractions
evolution
the process for the formation of the unique isocyclic fifth ring of chlorophyll involves the conversion of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) to 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a (DV PChlide a), and it requires incorporation of an oxygen atom, sourced from either water or O2, indicating the existence of two mechanistically different MgPME cyclases. Most anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria utilise an O2-sensitive radical SAM enzyme containing [4Fe-4S] and cobalamin cofactors to catalyse the reaction, while oxygenic phototrophs including cyanobacteria, algae and plants, as well as some purple bacteria, adopt an O2-dependent cyclase for the reaction. Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) cyclase catalyses the formation of the isocyclic ring, the hallmark of chlorins and bacteriochlorins, producing protochlorophyllide a and contributing significantly to the absorption properties of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. Three classes of O2-dependent cyclase have been identified, all with a catalytic subunit AcsF, a putative diiron protein, but they differ in the requirement for an auxiliary subunit, either Ycf54 for the enzyme found in oxygenic phototrophs, or BciE for the alphaproteobacterial enzyme
malfunction
a Chl27-antisense Arabidopsis mutant accumulates the cyclase substrate magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester and does not produce protochlorophyllide a
malfunction
xantha-l35 and viridis-k deficient mutants grown in the dark, fed with delta-aminolevulinic acid, accumulate the substrate magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester and produce reduced amounts of protochlorophyllide a, in vitro complementation assay with mutants the aerobic cyclase is composed of at least 3 gene products, 1 soluble and 2 membrane-bound proteins (xantha-l and viridian-k)
malfunction
the Arabidopsis chl27-t knock-down mutant has a T-DNA insertion within the promoter region reducing mRNA levels dramatically, growth is slowed down and plants look pale due to chloroplast development defects (unstacking of thylakoid membranes), chlorophyll fluorescence analysis shows a low photosynthetic activity, numerous nuclear genes involved in pigment biosynthesis, photosynthesis (light-harvesting complex I and II, photo system I and II), for iron acquisition, carbon fixation, cold acclimation, and for electron carriers are repressed, stress and detoxifying related gene expression is affected most prominently, more than 600 genes are repressed, a similar number of genes are induced
malfunction
crd1 strains fail to accumulate photosystem 1 (PS 1) and light-harvesting complex 1 (LHC 1) during hypoxia or copper deficiency, and have reduced amounts of LHC 2, Crd1 abundance is increased in copper or oxygen deficient cells
malfunction
Cth1 accumulates in copper-sufficient, oxygenated cells
malfunction
a Rubrivivax gelatinosus strain with disrupted acsF gene cannot synthesize bacteriochlorophyll under oxygenated conditions but accumulates the substrate magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester, in contrast, under low-oxygene conditions the phenotype is similar to the wild-type, an alternative pathway for the reaction exists vie the bchE genes
malfunction
-
transgenic tobacco with antisense NTZIP-RNA displays chlorosis and a lack of the ability to turn green under normal growth conditions
malfunction
-
deficiency of the LCAA subunit affects Ala synthesis and the accumulation of proteins in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
malfunction
mutation of in enzyme MPEC causes the pale-green leaf mutant phenotype of mutant m167 with yellow-green leaves across the whole lifespan. Chlorophyll content decreases by 43-51% and the granal stacks of chloroplasts becomes thinner in m167. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm (the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII) and quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)), are lower in m167 than those in wild-type plants, and photosynthesis rate decreases by 40% in leaves of m167 mutant compared with wild-type plants, which leads to yield reduction in m167
malfunction
-
chlorophyll biosynthesis upstream genes are highly expressed in the yl-1 mutant, while downstream genes are compromised, indicating that enzyme MPEC plays a pivotal role in the chlorophyll biosynthesis. The yl-1 mutant shows a yellow leaf and panicle phenotype with reduced chlorophyll accumulation through the whole growth phases. Mutant yl-1 exhibits the temperature-independent yellow leaf phenotype, it presents abnormal chloroplast development and attenuated photosynthetic efficiency. The mutant yl-1 affects mRNA accumulation levels of Chl biosynthesis process
malfunction
-
Hordeum vulgare mutants viridis-k, light green 3, light green 4 and zebra stripe 2 are not deficient in Ycf54. Both xanthan-l and viridis-k membranes are unable to support MPEC activity when combined with wild-type soluble fraction
malfunction
decreased CHL27 transcript levels result in a substantial reduction of activity of MgPME cyclase and MgP monomethylester accumulation, in comparison to dexamethasone-treated wild-type seedlings
malfunction
-
Oryza sativa yellow-green leaf 8 (ygl8) mutant exhibits a chlorosis phenotype with abnormal chloroplast development in young leaves. During the development of leaves, the chlorotic plants turn green accompanied by restorations in chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure, expression levels of some nuclear genes associated with Chl biosynthesis are affected in both the ygl8 mutant and YGL8 RNA interference lines. YGL8 expression demonstrates no differences between the wild-type and ygl8 mutant plants, but the mutant shows increase of Proto IX and MgP/MgPME expression, accompanied with the decrease of protochlorophyllide. Phenotype, overview
malfunction
the Ycf54 protein forms a complex with the component of the oxidative cyclase, Sll1214 (CycI, gene slr1780). Partial inactivation of the ycf54 gene leads to chlorophyll deficiency in cyanobacteria and plants, and the complete deletion of the ycf54 gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 results accumulation of huge concentrations of the cyclase substrate MgPME together with 3-formyl MgPME, in the DELTAycf54 strain. The Ycf54 protein is important, but not essential, for activity of the oxidative cyclase. Phenotype, overview
malfunction
the yellow and spotted leaf 1 (ysl1) mutant in rice exhibits a yellow-green leaf phenotype throughout the whole developmental stage and a spotted leaf phenotype at seedling and tillering stages. The phenotype of ysl1 is caused by a single nucleotide substitution of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase YSL1 which is allelic to YGL8, OsCRD1, and YL-1
metabolism
-
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
enzyme is involved in the protochlorophyllide a synthesis
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
protochlorophyllide a production (formation of the isocyclic ring) via several intermediates in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
Q28W44
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
A6FPX8, A4EGS5
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
A3VXW7
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
A3WHT4
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
H3NRI3
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
F3LQD6
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
E0MPX4
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway the formation of protochlorophyllide is catalyzed by Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyl ester (MgPME) cyclase. The requirement for de novo chlorophyll molecules differs completely for each chlorophyll-binding protein
metabolism
in the first unique step of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, Mg2+ is inserted into protoporphyrin IX. Subsequently, a methyl group is transferred to the carboxyl group of the propionate on the C ring of Mg-protoporphyrin IX, generating Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MPE), which is the substrate of the MPE cyclase. The cyclase catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic E ring by insertion of oxygen and attaching the methylated propionate to the methene bridge between pyrrole rings C and D, forming protochlorophyllide. Chlorophyll is obtained after additional reactions involving a light-dependent oxidation of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, reduction of the vinyl group on the B ring, and, finally, addition of a polyisoprene tail
metabolism
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MPEC) plays an essential role in chlorophyll biosynthesis
metabolism
Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1
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magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
gammaproteobacteria NOR51-B
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
-
metabolism
-
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway
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physiological function
-
an essential enzyme during chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis. The enzyme subunit protein YL-1 is required for plastid membrane stability. The formation of the isocyclic ring is an aerobic reaction catalyzed by MPEC in chloroplasts, which controls the conversion of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester to divinyl protochlorophyllide (DVpchlide). The function of YL-1 in MPEC complex is essential for normal chlorophyll biosynthesis
physiological function
-
enzyme MPEC requires components found in both the membrane and soluble fractions of the chloroplast. It requires components associated with the plastid membrane and the plastid soluble fraction for activity. One of the components, XanL is found associated with the membrane and another protein, Ycf54 has been identified based upon its strong association of with XanL. The conserved chloroplast polypeptide Ycf54 is involved in the MPEC-enzyme catalyzed reaction
physiological function
MPEC is an essential enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis
physiological function
the enzyme catayzes the transformation of a side chain of magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MgPMe)
physiological function
the Xantha-l gene product (XanL) is a membrane-bound diiron monooxygenase, which requires additional soluble and membrane-bound components for its activity. The enzyme XanL is a Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase involved in the formation of the isocyclic E-ring characteristic of chlorophylls. The MPE cyclase is a ferredoxin-dependent enzyme. Ferredoxin is part of the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, which suggests that the cyclase reaction might be connected to photosynthesis under light conditions
physiological function
cyclic tetrapyrroles, are among the most abundant natural pigments on Earth. They are the major absorbers of the solar energy that drives photosynthesis, and billions of tonnes of chlorophyll are synthesised annually on land and in the oceans. The decisive biosynthetic step that determines the absorption properties of chlorophyll, and more visually its green color, is the formation of the unique isocyclic fifth ring. This process involves the conversion of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) to 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a (DV PChlide a), and it requires incorporation of an oxygen atom, sourced from either water or O2, indicating the existence of two mechanistically different MgPME cyclases. Most anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria utilise an O2-sensitive radical SAM enzyme containing [4Fe-4S] and cobalamin cofactors to catalyse the reaction, while oxygenic phototrophs including cyanobacteria, algae and plants, as well as some purple bacteria, adopt an O2-dependent cyclase for the reaction. Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) cyclase catalyses the formation of the isocyclic ring, the hallmark of chlorins and bacteriochlorins, producing protochlorophyllide a and contributing significantly to the absorption properties of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. The diiron cluster within AcsF is reduced by ferredoxin furnished by NADPH and ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase or by direct coupling to Photosystem I photochemistry, linking cyclase to the photosynthetic electron transport chain
physiological function
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MPEC) plays an essential role in chlorophyll biosynthesis
Show AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices (2260 entries)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
210000
detergent solubilized, purified recombinant His6-tagged enzyme, gel filtration
30000
43000
calculted from predicted 370 amino acid residue sequence, 1402 bp, PNZIP from Pharbitis nil
45000
calculated from the acsF gene sequence encoding 375 amino acid residues
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer or trimer
x * 37000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, x * 44000, sequence calculation
heterodimer
additional information
?
x * 47900, about, proenzyme, sequence calculation, x * 42700, about, mature enzyme, sequence calculation, x * 62000, recombinant tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE
heterodimer
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
2 * ?, highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
2 * ?, highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
-
2 * ?, highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
2 * ?, highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
-
2 * ?, highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
-
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
-
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
2 * ?, highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
heterodimer
highly conserved leucin zipper domain and EXnEXRH motif (binding binuclear-iron cluster)
additional information
the aerobic cyclase is composed of three different subunits: a soluble protein, a membrane-bound component encoded by Xantha-l, and another membrane-bound component encoded by viridis-k
additional information
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the aerobic cyclase is composed of three different subunits: a soluble protein, a membrane-bound component encoded by Xantha-l, and another membrane-bound component encoded by viridis-k
additional information
the purified AcsF with the associated beta-DDM molecules is estimated to have a molecular mass of about 210 kDa with soluble standards, and about 180 kDa using membrane protein standards. By subtracting the contribution from detergent molecules, this indicates that AcsF is dimeric or trimeric given the predicted molecular mass of 44 kDa from the primary sequence
additional information
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the purified AcsF with the associated beta-DDM molecules is estimated to have a molecular mass of about 210 kDa with soluble standards, and about 180 kDa using membrane protein standards. By subtracting the contribution from detergent molecules, this indicates that AcsF is dimeric or trimeric given the predicted molecular mass of 44 kDa from the primary sequence
additional information
presence of a leucine zipper and of two copies of a conserved monooxygenase domain (DE x RH) at amino acid positions 58 and 138
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
N182S
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the ygl8 mutation causes a conserved amino acid substitution, which is related to the alterations of chlorophyll precursor content
A96T
site-directed mutagenesis, the point mutation in OsCRD1 does not change its location, but leads to deficiency in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development and decreases photosynthetic capacity in rice, phenotype
G286A
naturally occurring mutation, the mutation in enzyme MPEC causes the phenotype of the rice pale-green leaf mutant m167, phenotype
additional information
additional information
mutant plants are complemented with enzyme construct fused to GFP at C-terminus under native promoter or a constitutive 35S-promoter control, suppressing the mutant phenotype, N-terminal deletion of the first 39 amino acids leads to location in the cytosol instead of chloroplast membrane (crucial localization signal)
additional information
silencing of gene CHL27 by siRNA overexpression, encoding the CHLH subunit of enzyme Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase, for more than 24 h results in necrotic leaf lesions and modulated transcript levels of oxidative stress-responsive and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs), transcriptome analysis, phenotypes, overview
additional information
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identification of a xantha-l mutant, defective in a gene of Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester cyclase, the mutant does not show the gun mutant phenotype, that is defective in the chloroplast-to-nucleus signal transduction and expresses Lhc even when chloroplast development is inhibited by the herbicide norflurazon, the xantha-181 mutant can synthesize Mg-protoporphyrin IX and Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester, phenotype, overview
additional information
construction of xantha-l35, xantha-l81, xantha-l82, viridis-k23, and viridis-k170 mutants, the mutants are all inactive in cyclase activity, phenotypes of mutant plants, overview
additional information
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construction of xantha-l35, xantha-l81, xantha-l82, viridis-k23, and viridis-k170 mutants, the mutants are all inactive in cyclase activity, phenotypes of mutant plants, overview
additional information
-
generation of subunit YL-1 mutants yl-1, phenotype, overview. The yl-1 mutant shows a yellow leaf and panicle phenotype with reduced chlorophyll accumulation through the whole growth phases. Mutant yl-1 exhibits the temperature-independent yellow leaf phenotype, it presents abnormal chloroplast development and attenuated photosynthetic efficiency
additional information
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isolation of an Oryza sativa yellow-green leaf 8 (ygl8) mutant that exhibits chlorosis phenotype with abnormal chloroplast development in young leaves. During the development of leaves, the chlorotic plants turn green accompanied by restorations in chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure. Expression levels of some nuclear genes associated with Chl biosynthesis are affected in both the ygl8 mutant and YGL8 RNA interference lines. Phenotype, overview. Ygl8 knockout by RNAi
additional information
mutant m167 is isolated from a EMS mutagenized population from the Japonica rice variety Kitaake. To construct the F2 mapping population, the yellow-green leaf rice mutant m167 is crossed with rice varieties Zhefu802 and Dular, respectively, genotyping of F2 population
additional information
yellow and spotted leaf 1 (ysl1) mutant in rice exhibiting a yellow-green leaf phenotype throughout the whole developmental stage and a spotted leaf phenotype at seedling and tillering stages. Genetic analysis indicates that a single recessive gene is responsible for the phenotype of ysl1 mutant. Map-based cloning shows that the mutation site is located at the region of 105.4-kb between RM572 and L3 on the short arm of chromosome 1. Sequence analysis reveals that a point mutation (C-to-T) happens in the coding region of candidate gene YSL1 (LOC_Os01g17170) which causes an amino acid change in MPEC. Mutant phenotype analysis. Growing under natural conditions, ysl1 mutant exhibits a yellow-green leaf in the whole developmental stage and slow growth comparing with its wild-type. Besides, the spots appear in the leaves of the mutant at seedling and tillering stages, are reduced at heading stage, and disappear at mature stage. Most of the main agronomic traits significantly decrease in the mutant. For example, plant height, number of productive panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, and 1000 grain weight decrease by 16.8%, 20.7%, 17.8%, 7.3%, and 10.6%, respectively, while the days to heading significantly increase by 12.1%
additional information
chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and PeMPEC transgenic plants, overview
additional information
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chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and PeMPEC transgenic plants, overview
additional information
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the lack of the BluB protein function in Rhodospirillum rubrum is reflected by the impaired ability of a DELTAbluB strain to synthesize cobalamin and to convert Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester into protochlorophylide catalyzed by the MPE-cyclase enzyme, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
construction of a mutants lacking chlAI, chlAII, slr0905, sll1242, or slr0309, respectively, the DELTAchlAI mutant fails to grow under aerobic conditions with anomalous accumulation of a pigment with fluorescence emission peak at 595 nm, the growth defect is restored by the cultivation under oxygen-limited micro-oxic conditions. MPE accumulation is also detected in DELTAchlAII mutant grown under microoxic conditions, but not in any of the bchE mutants. The phenotype is consistent with the expression pattern of two chlA genes: chlAII was induced under micro-oxic conditions in contrast to the constitutive expression of chlAI, phenotypes, overview
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-15°C, 30% loss of activity in supernatant, 70% loss of activity in pellet after 7 days
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cells are centrifuged, sonicated, cell debris removed by centrifugation, membrane fraction separated from the soluble fraction by ultracentrifugation, chlorosome fractioned by sucrose density gradient (15-45%), for SDS-PAGE chlorosome fraction is incubated in methanol, centrifuged, the pellet containing the chlorosome envelop is subjected to SDS-PAGE, protein identification by MALDI-TOF and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
partially by chloroplast supernatant and membrane preparation of wild-type and recombinant mutant plants
single-subunit O2-dependent cyclase AcsF, recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain C43(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amin acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons
gene acsF, recombinant expression of N-terminally His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain C43(DE3)
gene CHL27, encoding the CHLH subunit of enzyme Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase
gene OsCRD1, encoding a putative subunit of enzyme MPEC, is a single-copy gene in rice, sequence comparisons, quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene PeMPEC, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic structure, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis, recombinant overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV310 transformation method. Gene PeMPEC driven by the CAMV 35S promoter is transferred into the Crd1 mutant leading to functional complementation of the mutant, the chlorophyll concentration of sense plants is 22-50% higher than that of the Crd1 mutant, and 7-20% higher than that of wild-type Col-0
gene xantha-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of wild-type and mutants in transgenic barley plants
gene Xantha-I, recombinant expression of active XanL strictly requires co-expression with an additional protein, Ycf54, recombinant expression of His-tagegd XanL and Ycf54 in Escherichia coli strain Artic Express (DE3)
gene ygl8 encodes a catalytic subunit of MgPME cyclase, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, map-based cloning, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The recombinant construct pC1305-YGL8 is introduced into the ygl8 rice mutant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105-mediated transformation. Quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
-
gene ysl1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genotyping, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, complementation of the ysl1 mutant by complementation construct pC2300-YSL1 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection method, semiquantitative and quantitative real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in rice protoplasts
genes chlAI, chlAII, slr0905, sll1242, or slr0309, expression of wild-type and mutants enzymes, expression analysis, overview
-
PCR-amplification of cDNA from isolated RNA, PCR-products of enzyme-GFP fusion constructs are cloned into vector pPENSOTG and introduced into Arabidopsis protoplasts by polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation, complementation constructs are produced by joining PCR fragments of the enzyme promoter with the enzyme-GFP cDNA, cloned into vector pBIB-HYG, introduced into Agrobacterium GV3101, transformed into homozygous mutant plants via the floral dipping method
RNA is isolated to synthesize cDNA and quantitative real-time PCR is carried out for anaerobic and semiaerobic growth conditions
YL-1 subunit of MPEC by map-based cloning, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis, phylogenetic analysis
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
exposure to far-red radiation at the end of day or red radiation in the middle of night reduce PNZIP mRNA (phytochrome regulation in the dark)
temperature has a temporally sensitive and complex effect on PeMPEC transcription
the aerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase is expressed under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions, the levels are similar under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions
the aerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase is expressed under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions, the levels are similar under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions
the aerobic magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase is expressed under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions, the levels are similar under semiaerobic and anaerobic conditions
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RENATURED/Commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
iron reconstitution step with ferrous ammonium sulphate to increase the occupancy of the iron-binding sites, the purified single-subunit O2-dependent cyclase AcsF activity is reconstituted using a tricomponent electron transfer system consisting of NADPH, ferredoxin (Fd) and Fd:NADP+ reductase (FNR)
reconstitution of the enzyme system from a high-speed supernatant and a membrane pellet
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
synthesis
-
the Rhodobacter capsulatus kanamycin-resistant transposon bchE mutant strain DB575 is used for production of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester, method development, overview
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bollivar, D.W.; Beale, S.I.
The chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase. Characterization and partial purification from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Plant Physiol.
112
105-114
1996
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Synechocystis sp.
brenda
Walker, C.J.; Castelfranco, P.A.; Whyte, B.J.
Synthesis of divinyl protochlorophyllide. Enzymological properties of the magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester oxidative cyclase system
Biochem. J.
276
691-697
1991
Cucumis sativus
-
brenda
Walker, C.J.; Mansfield, K.E.; Rezzano, I.N.; Hanamoto, C.M.; Smith, K.M.; Castelfranco, P.A.
The magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (oxidative) cyclase system. Studies on the mechanism and specificity of the reaction sequence
Biochem. J.
255
685-692
1988
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Whyte, B.J.; Castelfranco, P.A.
Further observations on the magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase system
Biochem. J.
290
355-359
1993
Cucumis sativus
-
brenda
Wong, Y.S.; Castelfranco, P.A.
Resolution and reconstitution of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase, the enzyme system responsible for the formation of the chlorophyll isocyclic ring
Plant Physiol.
75
658-661
1984
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Fuesler, T.P.; Wong, Y.S.; Castelfranco, P.A.
Localization of magnesium-chelatase and magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activities within isolated, developing cucumber chloroplasts
Plant Physiol.
75
662-664
1984
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Wong, Y.S.; Castelfranco, P.A.
Properties of the magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase system
Plant Physiol.
79
730-733
1985
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Gadjieva, R.; Axelsson, E.; Olsson, U.; Hansson, M.
Analysis of gun phenotype in barley magnesium chelatase and Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase mutants
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
43
901-908
2005
Hordeum vulgare
brenda
Rzeznicka, K.; Walker, C.J.; Westergren, T.; Kannangara, C.G.; von Wettstein, D.; Merchant, S.; Gough, S.P.; Hansson, M.
Xantha-l encodes a membrane subunit of the aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
102
5886-5891
2005
Hordeum vulgare (Q5EFU4), Hordeum vulgare
brenda
Minamizaki, K.; Mizoguchi, T.; Goto, T.; Tamiaki, H.; Fujita, Y.
Identification of two homologous genes, chlAI and chlAII, that are differentially involved in isocyclic ring formation of chlorophyll a in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
J. Biol. Chem.
283
2684-2692
2008
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
brenda
Gough, S.P.; Rzeznicka, K.; Peterson Wulff, R.; Francisco, J.d.; Hansson, A.; Jensen, P.E.; Hansson, M.
A new method for isolating physiologically active Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester, the substrate of the cyclase enzyme of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
45
932-936
2007
Rhodobacter capsulatus
brenda
Gray, M.J.; Escalante-Semerena, J.C.
Single-enzyme conversion of FMNH2 to 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the lower ligand of B12
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
104
2921-2926
2007
Rhodospirillum rubrum
brenda
Tang, K.H.; Wen, J.; Li, X.; Blankenship, R.E.
Role of the AcsF protein in Chloroflexus aurantiacus
J. Bacteriol.
191
3580-3587
2009
Chloroflexus aurantiacus (A9WIR9), Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl (A9WIR9)
brenda
Liu, H.; Zheng, C.
MPEC: An important gene in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in photosynthetic organisms
Photosynthetica
46
321-328
2008
Oryza sativa, Rosa davurica, Salix babylonica (Q7XJI4), Spinacia oleracea (Q7XJI5), Triticum aestivum (Q7XJI6), Trifolium repens (Q7XJI1), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9M591), Hordeum vulgare (Q5EFU4), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Q9LD46), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Q9AR22), Rubrivivax gelatinosus (P0DJN9), Ipomoea nil (Q40093), Brassica napus (Q7XJI2), Cucumis sativus, Nicotiana tabacum
-
brenda
Bang, W.Y.; Jeong, I.S.; Kim, D.W.; Im, C.H.; Ji, C.; Hwang, S.M.; Kim, S.W.; Son, Y.S.; Jeong, J.; Shiina, T.; Bahk, J.D.
Role of Arabidopsis CHL27 protein for photosynthesis, chloroplast development and gene expression profiling
Plant Cell Physiol.
49
1350-1363
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9M591)
brenda
Boldareva-Nuianzina, E.N.; Blahova, Z.; Sobotka, R.; Koblizek, M.
Distribution and origin of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent forms of Mg-protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase among phototrophic proteobacteria
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
79
2596-2604
2013
Methylobacterium sp., Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Methylorubrum extorquens (C5AV79), Methylocella silvestris, Bradyrhizobium sp., Rhodomicrobium vannielii, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Dinoroseobacter shibae (A8LQ37), Jannaschia sp. CCS1 (Q28W44), Yoonia vestfoldensis (A3V2J0), Roseobacter denitrificans (Q16DS9), Roseobacter litoralis, Roseobacter sp. (A6FPX8), Roseobacter sp. (A4EGS5), Roseovarius sp., Roseovarius sp. (A3VXW7), Cereibacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter sp. (C8RYM0), Erythrobacter sp. (A3WHT4), gamma proteobacterium HIMB55 (H3NRI3), Citromicrobium bathyomarinum, Sphingomonas sp., Brevundimonas subvibrioides (D9QPB7), Rubrivivax gelatinosus (I0HUK7), Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus (F3LQD6), Methyloversatilis universalis (F5RI16), Limnohabitans sp., Congregibacter litoralis (A4ACN5), gammaproteobacteria, Acidiphilium multivorum (F0IZP3), Rhodospirillum centenum (B6ITV8), Methylorubrum populi (B1ZBN5), Ahrensia sp. R2A130 (E0MPX4), Agrobacterium albertimagni (K2PJ79), Hoeflea phototrophica (A9DA86), Roseibium alexandrii (A0A5E8GWV2), Methylorubrum extorquens ATCC 14718 / DSM 1338 / JCM 2805 / NCIMB 9133 / AM1 (C5AV79), Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 (F5RI16), Roseovarius sp. 217 (A3VXW7), Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus JA2 (F3LQD6), Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278, Methylocella silvestris BL2, Methylobacterium sp. 4-46, Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1, Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100, Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 (A8LQ37), Yoonia vestfoldensis SKA53 (A3V2J0), Roseobacter litoralis Och 149c, Roseobacter sp. AzwK-3b (A6FPX8), Roseobacter sp. CCS2 (A4EGS5), Roseovarius sp. TM1035, Rhodobacter sp. SW2 (C8RYM0), Citromicrobium bathyomarinum JL354, Brevundimonas subvibrioides ATCC 15264 (D9QPB7), Rubrivivax gelatinosus IL144 (I0HUK7), Limnohabitans sp. Rim28, Limnohabitans sp. Rim47, Congregibacter litoralis KT71 (A4ACN5), gammaproteobacteria NOR5-3, Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 (F0IZP3), gammaproteobacteria NOR51-B, gammaproteobacteria HTCC2080, Methylorubrum populi BJ001 (B1ZBN5), Agrobacterium albertimagni AOL15 (K2PJ79), Hoeflea phototrophica DFL-43 (A9DA86), Roseibium alexandrii DFL-11 (A0A5E8GWV2)
brenda
Hollingshead, S.; Kopeca, J.; Jackson, P.; Canniffe, D.; Davison, P.; Dickman, M.; Sobotkas, R.; Hunter, C.
Conserved chloroplast open-reading frame ycf54 is required for activity of the magnesium protoporphyrin monomethylester oxidative cyclase in Synechocystis PCC 6803
J. Biol. Chem.
287
27823-27833
2012
Synechocystis sp.
brenda
Albus, C.A.; Salinas, A.; Czarnecki, O.; Kahlau, S.; Rothbart, M.; Thiele, W.; Lein, W.; Bock, R.; Grimm, B.; Schoettler, M.A.
LCAA, a novel factor required for magnesium protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase accumulation and feedback control of aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis in tobacco
Plant Physiol.
160
1923-1939
2012
Nicotiana tabacum
brenda
Lakshmi, K.; Suresha, G.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of novel aerobic cyclase system, Fe-containing subunit (ACSF) coding gene from Erianthus arundinaceus
Ann. Biol.
30
15-20
2014
Tripidium arundinaceum (R9VYS6)
-
brenda
Bollivar, D.; Braumann, I.; Berendt, K.; Gough, S.P.; Hansson, M.
The Ycf54 protein is part of the membrane component of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
FEBS J.
281
2377-2386
2014
Hordeum vulgare
brenda
Hollingshead, S.; Kopecna, J.; Armstrong, D.; Bucinska, L.; Jackson, P.; Chen, G.; Dickman, M.; Williamson, M.; Sobotka, R.; Hunter, C.
Synthesis of chlorophyll-binding proteins in a fully segregated DELTAycf54 strain of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803
Front. Plant Sci.
7
292
2016
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (P72584), Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
brenda
Schlicke, H.; Hartwig, A.S.; Firtzlaff, V.; Richter, A.S.; Glaesser, C.; Maier, K.; Finkemeier, I.; Grimm, B.
Induced deactivation of genes encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes disentangles tetrapyrrole-mediated retrograde signaling
Mol. Plant
7
1211-1227
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9M591)
brenda
Yang, L.; Lou, Y.; Peng, Z.; Zhao, H.; Sun, H.; Gao, Z.
Molecular characterization and primary functional analysis of PeMPEC, a magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase gene of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
Plant Cell Rep.
34
2001-2011
2015
Phyllostachys edulis (A0A0K1L5Y4), Phyllostachys edulis
brenda
Kong, W.; Yu, X.; Chen, H.; Liu, L.; Xiao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, C.; Lin, Y.; Yu, Y.; Wang, C.; Jiang, L.; Zhai, H.; Zhao, Z.; Wan, J.
The catalytic subunit of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase forms a chloroplast complex to regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice
Plant Mol. Biol.
92
177-191
2016
Oryza sativa
brenda
Wang, X.; Huang, R.; Quan, R.
Mutation in Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase decreases photosynthesis capacity in Rice
PLoS ONE
12
e0171118
2017
Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q9SDJ2)
brenda
Sheng, Z.; Lv, Y.; Li, W.; Luo, R.; Wei, X.; Xie, L.; Jiao, G.; Shao, G.; Wang, J.; Tang, S.; Hu, P.
Yellow-Leaf 1 encodes a magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase, involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
PLoS ONE
12
e0177989
2017
Oryza sativa
brenda
Chen, G.E.; Adams, N.B.P.; Jackson, P.J.; Dickman, M.J.; Hunter, C.N.
How the O2-dependent Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester cyclase forms the fifth ring of chlorophylls
Nat. plants
7
365-375
2021
Rubrivivax gelatinosus (P0DJN9), Rubrivivax gelatinosus
brenda
Li, C.; Ma, F.; Jiao, R.; Chen, C.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, F.; Sun, C.; Deng, X.; Dong, C.; Wang, P.
Mutation in Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase causes yellow and spotted leaf phenotype in rice
Plant Mol. Biol. Rep.
37
253-264
2019
Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q9FTU1)
-
brenda
Stuart, D.; Sandstroem, M.; Youssef, H.M.; Zakhrabekova, S.; Jensen, P.E.; Bollivar, D.W.; Hansson, M.
Aerobic barley Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase is powered by electrons from ferredoxin
Plants (Basel)
9
1157
2020
Hordeum vulgare (Q5EFU4), Hordeum vulgare
brenda
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