EC Number |
Recommended Name |
Source Tissue |
Reference |
---|
1.1.1.206 | tropinone reductase I |
berry |
low enzyme level, all developmental stages |
741278 |
1.1.1.25 | shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
berry |
- |
740821 |
1.1.1.366 | L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase (NAD+) |
berry |
grape berries from regions Changli (CL) and Gaotai (GT)in eastern and western China,respectively. Some genes required for carbohydrate metabolism, such as hexose transporter, L-idonate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, are significantly upregulated in the CL berries in relation to the GT berries, which positively correlated with the sugar and organic acid accumulations |
743167 |
1.10.3.1 | catechol oxidase |
berry |
high expression levels in developing berries and leaves |
440430 |
1.14.11.9 | flavanone 3-dioxygenase |
berry |
- |
742549 |
1.14.18.1 | tyrosinase |
berry |
- |
744824, 744953 |
1.14.20.4 | anthocyanidin synthase |
berry |
primarily distributed in the exocarp, mesocarp, and seed of the fruit, developmentally dependent expression in skin and flesh |
-, 713486 |
1.17.1.3 | leucoanthocyanidin reductase |
berry |
- |
700789 |
1.17.7.4 | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase |
berry |
- |
728539 |
1.3.1.112 | anthocyanidin reductase [(2S)-flavan-3-ol-forming] |
berry |
a high amount of leucoanthocyanidin reductases LAR1 and LAR2 and of ANR is present at the pre-veraison stage, localized on the outer layer of the berry skin, the vascular bundle and the inner layer of the seed coat |
739752 |
1.3.1.112 | anthocyanidin reductase [(2S)-flavan-3-ol-forming] |
berry |
grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins, and accumulation continues in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. During grape ripening, proanthocyanidin levels decrease in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR are no longer detected |
676588 |
1.3.1.112 | anthocyanidin reductase [(2S)-flavan-3-ol-forming] |
berry |
mRNA accumulates at the early stage of berry development and decreases toward the ripening stage. Proanthocyanidins accumulate in the berry skins and seeds before veraison, especially during the early stages of development |
737415 |
1.6.2.4 | NADPH-hemoprotein reductase |
berry |
- |
726325 |
2.1.1.240 | trans-resveratrol di-O-methyltransferase |
berry |
- |
742957, 757339, 758021 |
2.1.1.267 | flavonoid 3',5'-methyltransferase |
berry |
enzyme expression ratios in berry skins in populations A and B, MYB diplotype, overview |
737288 |
2.3.1.196 | benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase |
berry |
the majority of the enzyme in grape tissues is localized to the outer fruit mesocarp |
726171 |
2.3.1.232 | methanol O-anthraniloyltransferase |
berry |
the majority of the enzyme in grape tissues is localized to the outer fruit mesocarp |
726171 |
2.3.1.95 | trihydroxystilbene synthase |
berry |
skin of berry |
706348 |
2.3.1.95 | trihydroxystilbene synthase |
berry |
UV-light greatly stimulates resveratrol synthase mRNA accumulation in berry skin, a weak accumulation is observed during wilting i.e. the post-harvest drying process |
487728 |
2.3.2.2 | gamma-glutamyltransferase |
berry |
skin and pulp of mature berries, across whole berry development, VvGGT3 demonstrates a general pattern of increasing in transcript abundance |
756810 |
2.4.1.298 | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase |
berry |
- |
736957 |
2.4.1.298 | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase |
berry |
relative expression is higher at preveraison than that at postveraison |
-, 737289 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
berry |
highest expression in berries during development and at the start of ripening |
738785 |
2.7.1.1 | hexokinase |
berry |
protein is detected throughout berry development. At Phase I of grape berry development, lower hexose (glucose or fructose) levels are concomitant with higher hexokinase activities and protein levels. After the onset of ripening, a drastic reduction in hexokinase activity and protein levels is accompanied by a rising hexose level |
739283 |
3.2.1.20 | alpha-glucosidase |
berry |
- |
393289 |
3.2.1.26 | beta-fructofuranosidase |
berry |
- |
136073, 666556 |
4.2.3.87 | alpha-guaiene synthase |
berry |
- |
748331, 749418 |
4.2.3.89 | (+)-beta-caryophyllene synthase |
berry |
- |
748884 |