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EC 4.3.1.5 Details

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EC number

4.3.1.5

Accepted name

phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Reaction

L-phenylalanine = trans-cinnamate + NH₃

Other name(s)

tyrase, phenylalanine deaminase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase, phenylalanine ammonium-lyase, PAL, L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Phe ammonia-lyase

Systematic name

L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming)

CAS registry number

9024-28-6

Comment

This enzyme is a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family, other members of which are EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) and EC 4.3.1.5 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). The enzyme from dicotyledonous plants efficiently deaminates L-phenylalanine, whereas that from some monocots, including maize, and from the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides can also deaminate L-tyrosine [3]. The enzyme contains the cofactor 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO), which is common to this family [3]. The substrate specificity of the enzyme can be switched from phenylalanine to tyrosine by mutation of a single amino acid (H₈₉F) in the enzyme from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides [6].

History

created 1965, deleted 2008

EC Tree

1 Oxidoreductases

2 Transferases

2.1 Transferring one-carbon groups

2.2 Transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups

2.3 Acyltransferases

2.4 Glycosyltransferases

2.5 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups

2.6 Transferring nitrogenous groups

2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups

2.8 Transferring sulfur-containing groups

2.9 Transferring selenium-containing groups

2.10 Transferring molybdenum- or tungsten-containing groups

3 Hydrolases

4 Lyases

4.1 Carbon-carbon lyases

4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases

4.3 Carbon-nitrogen lyases

4.3.1 Ammonia-lyases

4.3.1.1 aspartate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.2 methylaspartate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.3 histidine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.4 formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase

4.3.1.5 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.6 β-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.7 ethanolamine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.8 created 1972, modified 1982, modified 1989, deleted 2003

4.3.1.9 glucosaminate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.10 serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.11 dihydroxyphenylalanine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.12 ornithine cyclodeaminase

4.3.1.13 carbamoyl-serine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.14 3-aminobutyryl-CoA ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.15 diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.16 threo-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.17 L-serine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.18 D-serine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.19 threonine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.20 erythro-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.21 created 1965 as EC 4.2.1.26, transferred 2002 to EC 4.3.1.21, deleted 2004

4.3.1.22 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase

4.3.1.23 tyrosine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.24 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.25 phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.26 chromopyrrolate synthase

4.3.1.27 threo-3-hydroxy-D-aspartate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.28 L-lysine cyclodeaminase

4.3.1.29 D-glucosaminate-6-phosphate ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.30 dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose ammonia-lyase

4.3.1.31 L-tryptophan ammonia lyase

4.3.1.32 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin synthase

4.3.2 Amidine-lyases

4.3.3 Amine-lyases

4.3.99 Other carbon-nitrogen lyases

4.4 Carbon-sulfur lyases

4.5 Carbon-halide lyases

4.6 Phosphorus-oxygen lyases

4.7 carbon-phosphorus lyases

4.8 Nitrogen-oxygen lyases

4.98 ATP-independent chelatases