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Information on EC 3.4.24.41 - atrolysin B for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC3.4.24.41
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3.4.24.41
neurotoxin
seizure-induced
botulism
intrahippocampal
kainic-acid-induced
bonts
epilepticus
kainic
serotype
medicine
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Crotalus atrox
Reaction Schemes
Cleavage of His5-/-Leu, His10-/-Leu, Ala14-/-Leu, Tyr16-/-Leu and Gly23-/-Phe of insulin B chain; identical to the cleavage of insulin B chain by atrolysin C. Also cleaves -/-Ser bonds in glucagon
Synonyms
hemorrhagic toxin b,
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Crotalus atrox metalloendopeptidase b
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hemorrhagic toxin b metalloproteinase
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Hemorrhagic toxin b
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-
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Cleavage of His5-/-Leu, His10-/-Leu, Ala14-/-Leu, Tyr16-/-Leu and Gly23-/-Phe of insulin B chain; identical to the cleavage of insulin B chain by atrolysin C. Also cleaves -/-Ser bonds in glucagon
-
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-
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hydrolysis of peptide bond
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-
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-
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Basement membrane preparation + H2O
Soluble peptides
Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O
?
-
involved in disruption of capillary membranes, together with atrolysins C and E member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins, most abundant hemorrhagic toxin in the venom
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-
Fibrinogen + H2O
?
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-
-
-
?
Fibrinogen + H2O
Hydrolyzed fibrinogen
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-
-
-
-
Gelatin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Nidogen + H2O
?
-
basement membrane component
-
-
-
o-aminobenzoyl-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ala-nitrobenzylamide + H2O
o-aminobenzoyl-Ala-Gly-Leu + Ala-nitrobenzylamide
-
-
-
-
?
Oxidized insulin B-chain + H2O
?
additional information
?
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Basement membrane preparation + H2O
Soluble peptides
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-
-
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Basement membrane preparation + H2O
Soluble peptides
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poor substrate: component band a
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-
Dimethylcasein + H2O
?
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-
-
-
Dimethylcasein + H2O
?
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-
-
-
?
Laminin + H2O
?
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-
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Laminin + H2O
?
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basement membrane component, poor substrate
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-
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Oxidized insulin B-chain + H2O
?
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-
?
Oxidized insulin B-chain + H2O
?
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cleavage sites: His5-Leu6, His10-Leu11, Ala14-Leu15, Tyr16-Leu17 (atrolysin A and C cleave the same bonds) and Gly23-Phe24 (atrolysin C, EC 3.4.24.42 cleaves the same bond)
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additional information
?
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no hydrolysis of fibrin
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additional information
?
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no hydrolysis of fibrin
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additional information
?
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possesses hemorrhagic, proteolytic and myonecrotic activity
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additional information
?
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no hydrolysis of fibronectin
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additional information
?
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no signficant degradation of fibrin
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-
?
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Basement membranes surrounding capillaries + H2O
?
-
involved in disruption of capillary membranes, together with atrolysins C and E member of the class P-I hemorrhagic toxins, most abundant hemorrhagic toxin in the venom
-
-
-
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Zn2+
-
zinc metalloproteinase, 1 mol zinc/mol enzyme
Zn2+
-
0.82 mol zinc/mol enzyme
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Hemorrhagic toxin inhibitor from Crotalus atrox
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rosmarinic acid
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isolated from a methanolic extract of Argusia argentea (Boraginaceae) which significantly inhibits snake venom-induced hemorrhage; significantly inhibits the hemorrhagic effect of crude venom of Crotalus atrox and others as well as snake venom metalloproteinase HT-b
1,10-phenanthroline
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1,10-phenanthroline
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inhibits proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities
EDTA
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-
EDTA
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inhibits proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities
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0.0267 - 1.02
oxidized insulin B-chain
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0.0267
oxidized insulin B-chain
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Gly23-Phe24 bond
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0.0317
oxidized insulin B-chain
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His5-Leu6 bond
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0.132
oxidized insulin B-chain
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His10-Leu11 bond
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0.803
oxidized insulin B-chain
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Ala14-Leu15 bond
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1.02
oxidized insulin B-chain
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Tyr16-Leu17 bond
-
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additional information
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pI: 8.2, estimated from amino acid sequence
additional information
-
basic pI
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-
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-
brenda
Western diamondback rattlesnake
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-
brenda
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-
brenda
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VM1AB_CROAT
414
0
46806
Swiss-Prot
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19000
-
Crotalus atrox, gel filtration
29300
-
Crotalus atrox, minimal MW calculated from zinc content
24000
-
1 * 24000, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE
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monomer
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1 * 24000, Crotalus atrox, SDS-PAGE
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additional information
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no glycoprotein
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by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration
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from lyophilized crude venom
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medicine
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less potent hemorrhagic toxin, degradation of the basement membrane structure surrounding capillaries in muscle tissue
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Fox, J.W.; Bjarnason, J.B.
Atrolysins: metalloproteinases from Crotalus atrox venom
Methods Enzymol.
248
368-387
1995
Crotalus atrox
brenda
Bjarnason, J.B.; Hamilton, D.; Fox, J.W.
Studies on the mechanism of hemorrhage production by five proteolytic hemorrhagic toxins from Crotalus atrox venom
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler
369
121-129
1988
Crotalus atrox
brenda
Bjarnason, J.B.; Tu, A.T.
Hemorrhagic toxins from Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom: isolation and characterization of five toxins and the role of zinc in hemorrhagic toxin e
Biochemistry
17
3395-3404
1978
Crotalus atrox
brenda
Fox, J.W.; Bjarnason, J.B.
Atrolysin B
Handbook Of Proteolytic Enzymes(Barrett,A. J. ,Rawlings,N. D. ,Woessner,J. F. ,Eds. )Academic Press
1
670-671
2004
Crotalus atrox
-
brenda
Aung, H.T.; Nikai, T.; Niwa, M.; Takaya, Y.
Rosmarinic acid in Argusia argentea inhibits snake venom-induced hemorrhage
J. Nat. Med.
64
482-486
2010
Crotalus atrox
brenda
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