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Information on EC 3.2.1.103 - keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase
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EC Tree
3.2.1.103 keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-beta-galactosidaseIUBMB Comments
Hydrolyses the 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl linkages adjacent to 1,3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl residues. Also acts on some non-sulfated oligosaccharides, but only acts on blood group substances when the 1,2-linked fucosyl residues have been removed (cf. EC 3.2.1.102 blood-group-substance endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase).
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Word Map
- 3.2.1.103
- proteoglycans
- chondroitinase
- chondroitin
- glycosaminoglycans
- cartilage
- hyaluronidase
- dermatan
- heparitinase
-
interglobular
-
endo-beta-d-galactosidase
-
35ssulphate
-
sulphate-rich
-
fuchsin
-
cupromeronic
-
kspgs
- analysis
- medicine
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
keratanase, 
more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
endo-beta-galactosidase
galactosidase, keratosulfate endo- beta-
-
-
-
-
keratan sulfate endogalactosidase
-
-
-
-
keratanase
endo-beta-galactosidase
-
-
-
-
keratanase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(Galbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-3))n + H2O = (Galbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-3))n-m + (Galbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-3))m
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of O-glycosyl bond
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
keratan-sulfate 4-beta-D-galactanohydrolase
Hydrolyses the 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl linkages adjacent to 1,3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl residues. Also acts on some non-sulfated oligosaccharides, but only acts on blood group substances when the 1,2-linked fucosyl residues have been removed (cf. EC 3.2.1.102 blood-group-substance endo-1,4-beta-galactosidase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
55072-01-0
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)sorbitol + H2O
Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal + sorbitol
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-3GlcNAc(6-2alphaNeuAc)beta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
glycosphingolipids + H2O
?
-
lacto-N-glycosylceramide series having the common structure R-GlcAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc(or GlcNAc) are hydrolyzed at Galbeta1-4Glc (or GlcNAC) linkages. beta-Galactosyl linkages in globo series or ganglio series of glycolipids are not hydrolyzed
-
-
?
lacto-N-tetraitol + H2O
sorbitol + Galbeta(1-3)GlcNAcbeta(1-3)Gal
-
-
-
?
mucin + H2O
GlcNAcbeta(1-3)Gal + GlcNAc-6Sbeta(1-3)Gal + resistant polymer
-
desialyzed pig colonic mucin
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-3GlcNAc(6-2alphaNeuAc)beta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
NeuAcalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
polyglycosylceramides + H2O
?
-
in absence of sodium taurodeoxycholate conversion into at least three shorter-chain glycosphingolipids, in presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate conversion into glucosylceramide
in absence of sodium taurodeoxycholate conversion into at least three shorter-chain glycosphingolipids, in presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate conversion into glucosylceramide
?
sulfated glycosaminoglycan + H2O
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate + ?
-
pH 6.8
-
-
?
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
?
-
no activity
-
-
?
Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-3[Fucalpha1-4]GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
-
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from bovine cornea
-
-
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from bovine cornea
more than 75% of the oligosaccharides are sulfated unbranched poly(N-acetyllactosamine) sequences, (-3/4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-)n. SO3-beta1-3Gal accounts for almost 35% of the oligosaccharide material while 40% consists of four oligosaccharides, unbranched tetrasaccharides, hexasaccharides, octasaccharides and decasaccharides of poly(N-acetyllactosamine)type, having 3, 5, 7 and 9 sulfate residues respectively. A sulfate residue is attached to the C6 position of each N-acetylglucosamine and each internal galactose residue of the four oligosaccharides
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from bovine cornea
GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + sulfated disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, hexasaccharides, octasaccharides and decasaccharides based on the sequence (-3/4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-), having 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 sulfate groups
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
-
6-O-sulfo-GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal is the major product
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
-
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-beta-D-Gal-(1-3)-D-Gal + 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-beta-D-Glc-(1-3)-6-O-sulfoD-Gal-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-beta-D-Glc-(1-3)-D-Gal
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from teleost skin
6-O-sulfo-GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal is one of the major products, GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from teleost skin
no production of GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal, 6-O-sulfo-GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal is one of the major products
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
keratan sulfate chains from bovine articular cartilage. Presence of fucose on N-acetylglucosamine residues in keratan sulfates protects both of the adjacent unsulfated galactose residues from keratanase cleavage
GlcNAc(6S)beta1-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc(6S)beta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc(6S)beta1-3Gal-ol + GlcNAc(6S)beta1-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha-3)GlcNAc(6S)beta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc(6S)beta1-6(Galbeta1-33)GalNAc-ol
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from nasal carilage
-
-
?
keratan sulfate + H2O
keratan oligosaccharides
-
from teleost skin
6-O-sulfo-GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal is one of the major products, GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal
?
lacto-N-tetraose + H2O
glucose + Galbeta(1-3)GlcNAcbeta(1-3)Gal
-
-
-
?
lacto-N-tetraose + H2O
glucose + Galbeta(1-3)GlcNAcbeta(1-3)Gal
-
-
-
-
?
neolacto-type glycosphingolipid + H2O
glucosylceramide + ?
-
hydrolysis of the internal beta1,4-galactosyl linkage of various neolacto-type glycosphingolipids to produce glucosylceramides
-
?
neolacto-type glycosphingolipid + H2O
glucosylceramide + ?
-
hydrolysis of the internal beta1,4-galactosyl linkage of various neolacto-type glycosphingolipids to produce glucosylceramides
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
no activity
-
-
?
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer + H2O
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal + Glc-Cer
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hydrolyzes the type 2 sequence Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc at about twice the rate of the type 1 isomer, Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-6(Galbeta1-3)GalNAc-ol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AB active blood group substance can be hydrolyzed only after Smith degradation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
induced with high efficiency in culture medium containing Smith-degraded gastric mucin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
sialosyl substitution at the terminal galactosyl residue of lacto-N-neotetraosyl structure of paragloboside greatly enhances the hydrolyzability of the internal Galbeta1-4Glc linkage, thus producing a high yield of sialotetrasaccharide (AcNeualpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-3Gal). The Galbeta1-4GlcNAc linkage located in the middle of the repeating Galbeta1-4GlcNAc(or Glc) unit seen in H2-glycolipid or Ab-glycolipid, (R-Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer) is preferentially hydrolyzed relative to the Galbeta1-4Glc linkage directly attached to ceramide. The branched structure as is found in H3-glycolipid greatly reduces the hydrolyzability
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hydrolyzes glycoconjugates containing N-acetyllactosamine repeating units
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is produced without induction by keratan sulfate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is produced without induction by keratan sulfate
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
induced with high efficiency in culture medium containing Smith-degraded gastric mucin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is produced without induction by keratan sulfate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is produced without induction by keratan sulfate
-
-
?
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Gal
-
when assayed with lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Arthritis
Immunity to the G1 globular domain of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan can induce inflammatory erosive polyarthritis and spondylitis in BALB/c mice but immunity to G1 is inhibited by covalently bound keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo.
Carcinoma
Simultaneous expression of keratan sulphate epitope (a sulphated poly-N-acetyllactosamine) and blood group ABH antigens in papillary carcinomas of the human thyroid gland.
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
Development of Substrate Degradation Enzyme Therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA Murine Model.
Neoplasms
Simultaneous expression of keratan sulphate epitope (a sulphated poly-N-acetyllactosamine) and blood group ABH antigens in papillary carcinomas of the human thyroid gland.
Rheumatic Diseases
Cellular immunity to the G1 domain of cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan is enhanced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis but only after removal of keratan sulfate.
Spondylitis
Immunity to the G1 globular domain of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan can induce inflammatory erosive polyarthritis and spondylitis in BALB/c mice but immunity to G1 is inhibited by covalently bound keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo.
Teratocarcinoma
The linear tetrasaccharide, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc, isolated from radiolabeled teratocarcinoma poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycan resists the action of E. freundii endo-beta-galactosidase.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5.5 - 5.8
5.5 - 5.8
-
hydrolysis of keratan sulfate from nasal cartilage or Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc-Cer
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). A0A644ZTS8_9ZZZZ
256
0
29595
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
J9FV79_9ZZZZ
1069
0
118335
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
A0A644YZZ6_9ZZZZ
262
0
30703
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
K1UHZ9_9ZZZZ
223
0
25315
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A644V8P9_9ZZZZ
273
0
31508
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
A0A385ZYB8_9ACTN
826
1
83932
TrEMBL
-
K1TDD7_9ZZZZ
272
0
30508
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
K1TCY9_9ZZZZ
210
0
23781
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A1R3T9X1_9BACT
262
0
29416
TrEMBL
-
K1T433_9ZZZZ
197
0
21832
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
J9G5K6_9ZZZZ
1037
0
115342
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
K1U4Z6_9ZZZZ
144
0
16674
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30000
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
4.5 - 5.5
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
37
-
1 h, 50% loss of activity, bovine serum albumin, 0.4 mg/ml, prevents inactivation
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4°C, stable for at least 2-3 months at a protein concentration of 0.044 mg/ml protein, 20% loss of activity in 3 h at a protein concentration of 0.003 mg/ml
-
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT