EC Number   |
General Information |
Reference |
|---|
    1.1.1.26 | evolution |
the enzyme belongs to the beta-HAD (beta-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase) protein family. AtHPR2 and AtHPR3 are 45% identical to each other at the amino acid level, but only 19-25% identical to AtHPR1, the NADH-dependent form, and 8-9% identical to the AtGLYRs. None of the AtHPRs contains the active-site residues conserved in AtGLYR1 and AtGLYR2, indicating that the sites responsible for reducing glyoxylate differ greatly between the AtGLYRs and AtHPRs |
737745 |
| 1.1.1.26 | malfunction |
enzyme deficiency causes primary hyperoxaluria type 2 |
739241 |
| 1.1.1.26 | malfunction |
enzyme deficiency is the underlying cause of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and leads to increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones and renal failure. Upregulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis, the phenomenon also occurs in patients with Crohn's disease. Overexpression of GRHPR is accompanied by active caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) accumulation. Knockdown of GRHPR inhibits the accumulation of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP in TNF-alpha treated HT-29 cells |
739242 |
| 1.1.1.26 | metabolism |
glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is a key enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle |
739241 |
| 1.1.1.26 | metabolism |
HPR1 phosphomimetic variant T335D exhibits reduced NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase activity but improved NADPH-dependent activity. Complementation of the Arabidopsis HPR1 mutant by either wild-type HPR1 or HPR1 nonphosphorylatable mutant T335A fully complements the photorespiratory growth phenotype of the HPR1 mutant in ambient air, whereas HPR1 T335D-containing HPR1 mutant plants remain smaller and have lower photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates. These phenotypes were associated with subtle perturbations in the photorespiratory cycle of HPR1 T335D-complemented HPR1 mutant rosettes compared to all other HPR1-containing lines |
762165 |
| 1.1.1.26 | metabolism |
the enzyme is involved in the glycolate metabolism, as well as the 4-hydroxybutyrate production and the GABA shunt pathway, overview |
696125 |
| 1.1.1.26 | more |
due to the glutamate at the -1 position, GLYR1 C-terminal tripeptide, -SRE, does not function as a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal, PTS1. GLYR1 is not relocalized from the cytosol to peroxisomes in response to abiotic stress |
722899 |
| 1.1.1.26 | physiological function |
GLYR1 scavenges succinic semialdehyde and glyoxylate that escape from mitochondria and peroxisomes, respectively |
722899 |
| 1.1.1.26 | physiological function |
human glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is a D-2 hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase that plays a critical role in the removal of the metabolic by-product glyoxylate from the liver |
739242 |
| 1.1.1.26 | physiological function |
succinic semialdehyde and glyoxylate are typically generated in leaves via two distinct metabolic pathways, 4-aminobutyrate and glycolate respectively. GLYR isozymes function in the detoxification of both aldehydes during stress and contribute to redox balance, overview |
696125 |
