Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
dithiothreitol | essential for activity | Aplysia californica |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
5-hydroxytryptamine | effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 92% | Aplysia californica | |
5-methoxytryptamine | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 87% | Aplysia californica | |
DL-octopamine | effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 91% | Aplysia californica | |
dopamine | effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 84% | Aplysia californica | |
gamma-aminobutyric acid | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 13% | Aplysia californica | |
L-norepinephrine | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 73% | Aplysia californica | |
additional information | neither L-histidine nor Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine itself have any inhibitory effect on Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine formation. In addition, the dipeptides carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine also have little effect on histamine utilization. Taurine, putrescine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan display no inhibitory activity | Aplysia californica | |
N-acetylserotonin | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 11% | Aplysia californica | |
noradrenaline | 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 73% | Aplysia californica | |
serotonin | 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 92% | Aplysia californica | |
tryptamine | 1 mM completely inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine | Aplysia californica | |
tyramine | 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 94%; 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 94% | Aplysia californica |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.653 | - |
histamine | at pH 8.0 and 37°C | Aplysia californica | |
10.6 | - |
L-glutamate | at pH 8.0 and 37°C | Aplysia californica |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | essential for activity | Aplysia californica |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + histamine | Aplysia californica | - |
products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine | - |
? | |
additional information | Aplysia californica | D-glutamate is 5% as effective as the L-isomer. The HA-acceptor activity of glutamine, glutathione, and alpha-L-glutamyl-L-alanine is 1/50 that of L-glutamate. L-aspartate is used as substrate at 1% the rate of L-glutamate | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Aplysia californica | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
ganglion | ganglia, nerve trunks, and the capsule surrounding the ganglion have the highest enzyme activity | Aplysia californica | - |
heart | less than 10% enzyme activity in heart compared to ganglia | Aplysia californica | - |
hemolymph | less than 10% enzyme activity in hemolymph compared to ganglia | Aplysia californica | - |
muscle | less than 10% enzyme activity in muscle compared to ganglia | Aplysia californica | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + histamine | - |
Aplysia californica | products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine | - |
? | |
additional information | D-glutamate is 5% as effective as the L-isomer. The HA-acceptor activity of glutamine, glutathione, and alpha-L-glutamyl-L-alanine is 1/50 that of L-glutamate. L-aspartate is used as substrate at 1% the rate of L-glutamate | Aplysia californica | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
gamma-GHA synthetase | - |
Aplysia californica |
gamma-Glutamylhistamine synthetase | - |
Aplysia californica |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
41 | - |
- |
Aplysia californica |
Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | 41 | incubation at 37°C yields more than 90% of maximal activity at 41°C | Aplysia californica |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
8 | - |
- |
Aplysia californica |
pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6 | 9 | enzyme activity decreases from optimum at pH 8.0 to less than 10% at pH 6.0, and to 25% of maximum at pH 9.0 | Aplysia californica |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | the requirement for ATP cannot be replaced with ADP, AMP, or GTP | Aplysia californica |