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Synonyms
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gamma-Glutamylhistamine synthetase
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ATP + L-glutamate + histamine = products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine
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L-glutamate:histamine ligase
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ATP + L-glutamate + histamine
products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine
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Substrates: -
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additional information
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Substrates: D-glutamate is 5% as effective as the L-isomer. The HA-acceptor activity of glutamine, glutathione, and alpha-L-glutamyl-L-alanine is 1/50 that of L-glutamate. L-aspartate is used as substrate at 1% the rate of L-glutamate
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ATP + L-glutamate + histamine
products of ATP breakdown + Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine
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Substrates: -
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additional information
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Substrates: D-glutamate is 5% as effective as the L-isomer. The HA-acceptor activity of glutamine, glutathione, and alpha-L-glutamyl-L-alanine is 1/50 that of L-glutamate. L-aspartate is used as substrate at 1% the rate of L-glutamate
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ATP
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the requirement for ATP cannot be replaced with ADP, AMP, or GTP
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Mg2+
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essential for activity
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5-hydroxytryptamine
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effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 92%
5-methoxytryptamine
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1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 87%
DL-octopamine
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effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 91%
dopamine
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effective inhibitor, 1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 84%
gamma-aminobutyric acid
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1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 13%
L-norepinephrine
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1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 73%
N-acetylserotonin
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1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 11%
noradrenaline
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1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 73%
serotonin
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1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 92%
tryptamine
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1 mM completely inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine
tyramine
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1 mM inhibits Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine synthesis by 94%; 1 mM inhibits synthesis of Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine by 94%
additional information
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neither L-histidine nor Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine itself have any inhibitory effect on Nalpha-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine formation. In addition, the dipeptides carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine also have little effect on histamine utilization. Taurine, putrescine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan display no inhibitory activity
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dithiothreitol
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essential for activity
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0.653
histamine
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at pH 8.0 and 37°C
10.6
L-glutamate
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at pH 8.0 and 37°C
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6 - 9
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enzyme activity decreases from optimum at pH 8.0 to less than 10% at pH 6.0, and to 25% of maximum at pH 9.0
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37 - 41
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incubation at 37°C yields more than 90% of maximal activity at 41°C
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less than 10% enzyme activity in heart compared to ganglia
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less than 10% enzyme activity in hemolymph compared to ganglia
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less than 10% enzyme activity in muscle compared to ganglia
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ganglia, nerve trunks, and the capsule surrounding the ganglion have the highest enzyme activity
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Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
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Stein, C.; Weinreich, D.
Metabolism of the histamine in the CNS of Aplysia californica: cellular distribution of gamma-glutamylhistamine synthetase
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C
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79-83
1983
Aplysia californica
brenda
Stein, C.; Weinreich, D.
An in vitro characterization of gamma-glutamylhistamine synthetase: a novel enzyme catalyzing histamine metabolism in the central nervous system of the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica
J. Neurochem.
38
204-214
1982
Aplysia californica
brenda
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