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Literature summary for 5.6.2.2 extracted from
- DNA topoisomerases: enzymes that control DNA conformation (1985), Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 114, 19-102.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| histone H1 | promotes DNA network formation | eukaryota | |
| HMG17 protein | promotes DNA network formation | eukaryota | |
| additional information | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | modification by poly(ADP)ribosylation | eukaryota | |
| additional information | modification by poly(ADP)ribosylation | Bos taurus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methansulfon-m-anisidide | - |
eukaryota |  |
| Anticancer drug VM26 | - |
eukaryota | |
| Anticancer drug VP16-213 | - |
eukaryota | |
| coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | Bacillus subtilis | |
| coumermycin | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than those needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | Bacteria | |
| coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | Escherichia coli | |
| coumermycin | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than those needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase; coumermycin A1 | eukaryota | |
| coumermycin | coumermycin A1 | Micrococcus luteus | |
| ellipticines | - |
eukaryota | |
| ellipticines | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Nalidixic acid | - |
Bacillus subtilis | |
| Nalidixic acid | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than that needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | Bacteria | |
| Nalidixic acid | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| Nalidixic acid | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than that needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | eukaryota | |
| Nalidixic acid | - |
Micrococcus luteus | |
| novobiocin | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than that needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | Bacteria | |
| novobiocin | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| novobiocin | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than that needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | eukaryota | |
| novobiocin | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| Oxolinic acid | - |
Bacillus subtilis | |
| Oxolinic acid | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than that needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | Bacteria | |
| Oxolinic acid | - |
Escherichia coli | |
| Oxolinic acid | concentration required to observe inhibition with the eukaryotic enzyme is much higher than that needed to inhibit bacterial gyrase | eukaryota | |
| Oxolinic acid | - |
Micrococcus luteus | |
| Oxolinic acid | - |
Tequatrovirus T4 | |
| single-stranded DNA | strong inhibition of relaxation | eukaryota | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.28 | - |
ATP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
| 0.63 | - |
dATP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nucleus | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | 5634 | - |
| nucleus | - |
eukaryota | 5634 | - |
| nucleus | - |
Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
| nucleus | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5634 | - |
| nucleus | - |
Bos taurus | 5634 | - |
| nucleus | - |
Xenopus laevis | 5634 | - |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 95000 | - |
2 * 95000, gyrA subunit, + 2 * 105000, gyrB subunit | Escherichia coli |
| 95000 | - |
2 * 95000 + 2 * 115000 | Micrococcus luteus |
| 105000 | - |
2 * 95000, gyrA subunit, + 2 * 105000, gyrB subunit | Escherichia coli |
| 115000 | - |
2 * 95000 + 2 * 115000 | Micrococcus luteus |
| 400000 | - |
- |
Escherichia coli |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus subtilis | - |
- |
- |
| Bacteria | - |
- |
- |
| Bos taurus | - |
calf | - |
| Drosophila melanogaster | - |
- |
- |
| Escherichia coli | - |
- |
- |
| eukaryota | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
| Micrococcus luteus | - |
- |
- |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
| Tequatrovirus T4 | - |
- |
- |
| Xenopus laevis | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Homo sapiens |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA | processive mode of the reaction can be shifted to a distributive mode under three different conditions: 1. high ionic strength, above 170 mM, 2. high Mg2+ concentration, above 15 mM, 3. pH-values above 10 in glycine buffer | eukaryota | |
| ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA | mechanistic models of DNA gyrase | Bacteria |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| HeLa cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| oocyte | - |
Xenopus laevis | - |
| thymus | - |
Bos taurus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dATP + negatively supercoiled circular DNA | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | dADP + phosphate + relaxed circular DNA | - |
? | |
| additional information | - |
Escherichia coli | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | - |
Tequatrovirus T4 | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme can alter the linking number of DNA only in steps of two | Drosophila melanogaster | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme can alter the linking number of DNA only in steps of two | eukaryota | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | ATP hydrolysis | Bacteria | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | ATP hydrolysis | Xenopus laevis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the following reactions are catalyzed in an ATP-dependent fashion: relaxation of superhelical turns, catenation, decatenation, unknotting of circular duplex DNA | Drosophila melanogaster | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the following reactions are catalyzed in an ATP-dependent fashion: relaxation of superhelical turns, catenation, decatenation, unknotting of circular duplex DNA | Bacteria | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | ATP-dependent generation of negative supercoils | Bacteria | ? | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Drosophila melanogaster | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Bacteria | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | eukaryota | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Bacillus subtilis | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Escherichia coli | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Homo sapiens | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Rattus norvegicus | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Bos taurus | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Xenopus laevis | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Micrococcus luteus | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| network of DNA rings + ATP + H2O | decatenation | Tequatrovirus T4 | monomeric DNA circles + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Drosophila melanogaster | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Bacteria | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | eukaryota | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Bacillus subtilis | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Escherichia coli | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Homo sapiens | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Rattus norvegicus | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Bos taurus | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Xenopus laevis | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Micrococcus luteus | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | catenation | Tequatrovirus T4 | catenated DNA networks + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Drosophila melanogaster | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Bacteria | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | eukaryota | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Bacillus subtilis | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Escherichia coli | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Homo sapiens | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Rattus norvegicus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Bos taurus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Xenopus laevis | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Micrococcus luteus | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation | Tequatrovirus T4 | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | relaxation in absence of ATP | Bacteria | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | ATP-dependent relaxation of negative and positive supercoils | eukaryota | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
| supercoiled DNA + ATP + H2O | positive supercoils are relaxed in presence of beta,gamma-imido ATP | Bacteria | relaxed DNA + ADP + phosphate | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dimer | - |
eukaryota |
| dimer | - |
Bos taurus |
| dimer | 2 * 166000-175000 | Drosophila melanogaster |
| tetramer | - |
Bacteria |
| tetramer | - |
Bacillus subtilis |
| tetramer | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| tetramer | 2 * 95000, gyrA subunit, + 2 * 105000, gyrB subunit | Escherichia coli |
| tetramer | 2 * 95000 + 2 * 115000 | Micrococcus luteus |
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