Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene KAO1, phylogenetic analysis and tree | Arabidopsis thaliana |
gene KAO2, phylogenetic analysis and tree | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | construction of single kao1 and double kao1/kao2 mutants, mutant gibberellin contents and phenotypes, detailed overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
additional information | construction of single kao2 and double kao1/kao2 mutants, mutant gibberellin contents and phenotypes, detailed overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5783 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | overall reaction | gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | O23051 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9C5Y2 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
cotyledon | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
hypocotyl | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
additional information | expression patterns of isozymes reveal that both genes, KAO1 and KAO2, are mainly expressed in germinating seeds and young developing organs, thus suggesting functional redundancy. The expression of KAO2 is much stronger than that of KAO1. KAO1 expression is almost exclusively restricted to the shoot apical meristem, the leaf primordia and the root meristem | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
additional information | expression patterns of isozymes reveal that both genes, KAO1 and KAO2, are mainly expressed in germinating seeds and young developing organs, thus suggesting functional redundancy. The expression of KAO2 is much stronger than that of KAO1. KAO2 is expressed in hypocotyl and petioles of the cotyledons, in the vegetative shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia, and in the meristematic zone of the root and lateral roots | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
petiole | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
root | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
seed | germinating | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
shoot | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2 | overall reaction | Arabidopsis thaliana | gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
KAO | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
KAO1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
KAO2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
cytochrome P-450 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
NADPH-hemoprotein reductase | A flavoprotein containing both FMN and FAD. This enzyme catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADPH, an obligatory two-electron donor, to microsomal P-450 monooxygenases, EC 1.14.14._ | Arabidopsis thaliana |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) belongs to a class of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of the subfamily CYP88A | Arabidopsis thaliana |
malfunction | kao1 and kao2 single mutants are indistinguishable from wild-type plants. By contrast, the kao1/kao2 double mutant exhibits typical non-germinating GA-dwarf phenotypes, similar to those observed in the severely gibberellic acid-deficient ga1-3 mutant. Phenotype, overview. Loss of KAO1 and KAO2 function affects seed germination and alters plant growth and reproductive development. Effects of the kao mutations on GA signaling and on feedback regulation of GA metabolism gene expression | Arabidopsis thaliana |
metabolism | the enzyme is important in the gibberellin biosynthesis, pathway overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) catalyzes the conversion of ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) to gibberellin (GA) GA12, the precursor of all gibberellins, thereby playing an important role in determining gibberellin concentration in plants, overlapping role of KAO1 and KAO2 throughout Arabidopsis development, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |