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ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway and metabolism of gibberellins, gibberellin mediates the control of seed germination by phytochrome mainly via the control of the endogenous content of bioactive gibberellic acid, rather than the control of gibberellic acid responsiveness, gibberellin metabolism and signalling in lettuce seed, overview
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway and metabolism of gibberellins, gibberellin mediates the control of seed germination by phytochrome mainly via the control of the endogenous content of bioactive gibberellic acid, rather than the control of gibberellic acid responsiveness, gibberellin metabolism and signalling in lettuce seed, overview
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 3 [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 3 O2
gibberellin A12 + 3 [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O
Substrates: overall reaction
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
gibberellin A12 aldehyde + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
gibberellin A12 + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme catalyzes the three steps of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to gibberellin A12
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Bowen's Disease
Bowen's disease with invasive adnexal carcinoma: the pluripotential nature of Bowen's disease cells.
Breast Neoplasms
In regard to Kao et al.: concomitant radiation therapy and paclitaxel for unresectable locally advanced breast cancer: results from two consecutive phase I/II trials (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;61:1045-1053).
Bronchitis
New medical therapy for the common cold, influenza and bronchitis. Translation by F.F. Kao of an excerpt of a Chinese book.
Carcinoma
Bowen's disease with invasive adnexal carcinoma: the pluripotential nature of Bowen's disease cells.
Carcinoma
Utility of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1? as a diagnostic marker in ovarian carcinomas with clear cells.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Common Cold
New medical therapy for the common cold, influenza and bronchitis. Translation by F.F. Kao of an excerpt of a Chinese book.
Crohn Disease
Crohn's disease of the vulva--two further cases.
Cysticercosis
Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Taenia asiatica, their hybrids and other helminthic infections occurring in a neglected tropical diseases' highly endemic area in Lao PDR.
Dermatitis, Atopic
Pseudoceramide for childhood eczema: does it work?
Endometriosis
Complex abdominopelvic endometriosis: the radiologist's perspective.
Ganglion Cysts
[Juxta-facet cysts. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and therapy]
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Determining the survival benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with node-positive head and neck cancer.
Heart Diseases
Commentary on Shih S-N, Gau M-L, Kao Lo C-H & Shih F-J (2005). Health Needs Instruments for hospitalized single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease: triangulation research design. Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 1210-1222.
Heart Diseases
Commentary on Shih SN, Gau ML, Kao Lo CH and Shih FJ (2005) Health Needs Instrument for hospitalised single-living Taiwanese elders with heart disease: triangulation research design. Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 1210-1222.
Hepatitis B, Chronic
Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatitis C, Chronic
Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of developing neointimal vascular occlusion and pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Illusions
Illusory correlations and control across the psychosis continuum: the contribution of hypersalient evidence-hypothesis matches.
Infections
Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in Kao District, north Halmahera, Indonesia.
Infections
Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Influenza, Human
New medical therapy for the common cold, influenza and bronchitis. Translation by F.F. Kao of an excerpt of a Chinese book.
Ischemic Stroke
RETRACTED: Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy may improve the long term neurological consequences of diabetic patients suffering from hemorrhagic stroke.
Liver Diseases
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess in people 65Ā years or older versus people under 65: a retrospective study.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Phase I dose escalation clinical trial of adenovirus vector carrying osteocalcin promoter-driven herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in localized and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Neoplasms
Commentary on "Benzodiazepine use possibly increases cancer risk: A population-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan." Kao CH, Sun LM, Su KP, Chang SN, Sung FC, Muo CH, Liang JA, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.: J Clin Psychiatry 2012;73(4):e555-e60.
Neoplasms
Establishment of a new continuous clear cell sarcoma cell line. Morphological and cytogenetic characterization and detection of chimaeric EWS/ATF-1 transcripts.
Neoplasms
Observations on the paper "sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases" by Kao et al.
Neoplasms
Pgp immunochemistry: use with caution: correspondence re: C-H. Kao et al., P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-related protein expressions in relation to technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintimammography findings. Cancer Res., 61: 1412-1414, 2001.
Neuroblastoma
Expression profiling of t(12;22) positive clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue cell lines reveals characteristic up-regulation of potential new marker genes including ERBB3.
Osteoarthritis
Effects of an osteoarthritis self-management programme.
Osteosarcoma
Expression profiling of t(12;22) positive clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue cell lines reveals characteristic up-regulation of potential new marker genes including ERBB3.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Diagnostic benefits of mindin as a prostate cancer biomarker: Dijagnosti?ke prednosti mindina kao biomarkera raka prostate.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Phase I dose escalation clinical trial of adenovirus vector carrying osteocalcin promoter-driven herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in localized and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: does histology matter?
Sarcoma, Ewing
Expression profiling of t(12;22) positive clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue cell lines reveals characteristic up-regulation of potential new marker genes including ERBB3.
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Observations on the paper "sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases" by Kao et al.
Stroke
RETRACTED: Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy may improve the long term neurological consequences of diabetic patients suffering from hemorrhagic stroke.
Synovial Cyst
[Juxta-facet cysts. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and therapy]
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Kao fragment (Kao3), Aegilops tauschii; Tausch's goatgrass, diploid
UniProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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cv. Grand Rapids, gene LsKAO encoding a ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase
UniProt
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UniProt
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cv. Fuji
UniProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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UniProt
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cv. Dongjinbye
UniProt
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UniProt
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Kao fragment (Kao3), Triticum urartu; diploid
UniProt
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UniProt
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cv. Himalaya
Uniprot
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dwarf mutant of barley that accumulates ent-keurenoic acid in developing grains
Uniprot
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fragment
UniProt
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Kao-A1 fragment, Triticum aestivum cultivar Chinese spring, cultivar Opata 85, and cultivar W7984; bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, Opata 85, and the synthetic hexaploid cultivar W7984
UniProt
brenda
Kao-A1 fragment, Triticum aestivum cultivar Prinz; bread wheat cultivar Prinz
UniProt
brenda
Kao-B1 fragment (Kao2), Triticum aestivum cultivar Opata 85; bread wheat cultivar Opata 85
UniProt
brenda
Kao-B1 fragment (Kao2), Triticum aestivum cultivar Prinz; bread wheat cultivar Prinz
UniProt
brenda
Kao-B1 fragment (Kao2), Triticum aestivum cultivar W7984; bread wheat synthetic hexaploid cultivar W7984
UniProt
brenda
Kao-D1 fragment (Kao3), Triticum aestivum cultivar Chinese spring; bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring
UniProt
brenda
Kao-D1 fragment (Kao3), Triticum aestivum cultivar Opata 85; bread wheat cultivar Opata 85
UniProt
brenda
Kao-D1 fragment (Kao3), Triticum aestivum cultivar Prinz; bread wheat cultivar Prinz
UniProt
brenda
Kao-D1 fragment (Kao3), Triticum aestivum cultivar W7984; bread wheat synthetic hexaploid cultivar W7984
UniProt
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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expression of the gene PsKAO1
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expression of the gene PsKAO1
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expression of the gene PsKAO1
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expression of the gene PsKAO1
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germinating
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developing, expression of the gene PsKAO1, the gene PsKAO1 is expressed only in seed
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additional information
expression patterns of isozymes reveal that both genes, KAO1 and KAO2, are mainly expressed in germinating seeds and young developing organs, thus suggesting functional redundancy. The expression of KAO2 is much stronger than that of KAO1. KAO1 expression is almost exclusively restricted to the shoot apical meristem, the leaf primordia and the root meristem
brenda
additional information
expression patterns of isozymes reveal that both genes, KAO1 and KAO2, are mainly expressed in germinating seeds and young developing organs, thus suggesting functional redundancy. The expression of KAO2 is much stronger than that of KAO1. KAO1 expression is almost exclusively restricted to the shoot apical meristem, the leaf primordia and the root meristem
brenda
additional information
expression patterns of isozymes reveal that both genes, KAO1 and KAO2, are mainly expressed in germinating seeds and young developing organs, thus suggesting functional redundancy. The expression of KAO2 is much stronger than that of KAO1. KAO2 is expressed in hypocotyl and petioles of the cotyledons, in the vegetative shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia, and in the meristematic zone of the root and lateral roots
brenda
additional information
expression patterns of isozymes reveal that both genes, KAO1 and KAO2, are mainly expressed in germinating seeds and young developing organs, thus suggesting functional redundancy. The expression of KAO2 is much stronger than that of KAO1. KAO2 is expressed in hypocotyl and petioles of the cotyledons, in the vegetative shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia, and in the meristematic zone of the root and lateral roots
brenda
additional information
the enzyme level of MdKAO is significantly lower in the columnar parent, and in F1 progeny with the columnar phenotype, compared to standard parent and F1 progeny with the standard phenotype
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additional information
KAO is broadly expressed in many organs and tissues
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
evolution
ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) belongs to a class of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of the subfamily CYP88A
additional information
OsWOX3A acts as a transcriptional repressor, generation of transgenic rice overexpressing OsWOX3A, OsWOX3A-OX, the mutant consistently exhibits severe dwarfism with very short and wide leaves, a phenotype that resembles that of gibberellic acid (GA)-deficient or GA-insensitive mutants. OsWOX3A expression is drastically and temporarily upregulated by gibberellin GA3 and is downregulated by paclobutrazol, a blocker of gibberellic acid biosynthesis
malfunction
kao1 and kao2 single mutants are indistinguishable from wild-type plants. By contrast, the kao1/kao2 double mutant exhibits typical non-germinating GA-dwarf phenotypes, similar to those observed in the severely gibberellic acid-deficient ga1-3 mutant. Phenotype, overview. Loss of KAO1 and KAO2 function affects seed germination and alters plant growth and reproductive development. Effects of the kao mutations on GA signaling and on feedback regulation of GA metabolism gene expression
malfunction
the rice mutant of KAO (oskao-1) has low levels of GA53, GA20, and GA1, OsWOX3A-OX downregulates KAO expression, which causes significantly reduced levels of GA53, GA20, and, finally, bioactive GA1. Quantitative analysis of gibberellic acid intermediates reveals significantly reduced levels of GA20 and bioactive GA1 in transgenic rice overexpressing OsWOX3A-OX, due to downregulation of the expression of KAO. The mutant OsWOX3A-OX exhibits severe dwarfism with very short and wide leaves, a phenotype that resembles that of gibberellic acid (GA)-deficient or GA-insensitive mutants. Loss of OsWOX3A function in narrow leaf2 (nal2) nal3 double mutants (termed nal2/3) causes pleiotropic effects, such as narrow and curly leaves, opened spikelets, narrow grains, more tillers, and fewer lateral roots, but almost normal plant height. Loss-of-function nal2/3 mutants show increased expression of KAO, changes in gibberellic acid contents are consistent with the expression levels of KAO and GA20ox2 in nal2/3 mutants
metabolism
catalyzes three steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
catalyzes three steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
catalyzes three steps in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
the enzyme is important in the gibberellin biosynthesis, pathway overview
physiological function
ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO) catalyzes the conversion of ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) to gibberellin (GA) GA12, the precursor of all gibberellins, thereby playing an important role in determining gibberellin concentration in plants, overlapping role of KAO1 and KAO2 throughout Arabidopsis development, overview
physiological function
ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase, encoded by gene KAO, is a gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme. WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3 in Oryza sativa, OsWOX3A, is a gibberellic acid-responsive gene and functions in the negative feedback regulation of the gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway for gibberellic acid homeostasis to maintain the threshold levels of endogenous gibberellic acid intermediates throughout development. OsWOX3A interacts directly with the KAO promoter to repress KAO expression. Changes in gibberellic acid contents are consistent with the expression levels of KAO and GA20ox2 in nal2/3 mutants. OsWOX3A directly downregulates the expression of KAO as a trans-repressor or upregulates the expression of GA20ox2 as a trans-activator
physiological function
lower expression of the MdKAO gene is responsible for the reduced concentrations of bioactive gibberellins in the apical tissue of columnar apple stems
physiological function
reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by NADPH oxidase, are involved in gibberellin biosynthesis through the regulation of ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase HvKAO1 and GA3-oxidase HvGA3ox1, relationship between ROS and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis enzymes, overview
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KAO1_ARATH
490
1
56409
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
KAO1_HORVU
499
1
55876
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
KAO2_ARATH
489
1
56750
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
KAO_ORYSJ
506
1
57008
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
A0A0B2SK61_GLYSO
496
1
57626
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B9SEB4_RICCO
491
0
56223
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
A0A220NVF9_CAMSI
489
1
56143
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
C7T4H4_AEGTA
150
0
17501
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
C7T4G9_WHEAT
256
0
29378
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
B9SC56_RICCO
470
0
53536
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 5)
A0A5B7BNJ0_DAVIN
353
0
40979
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A1X9H7V5_TRIWF
487
0
56037
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A2I0A3H5_9ASPA
494
2
56485
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
B9RYI0_RICCO
471
1
53845
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
A0A5B7BGA6_DAVIN
139
1
15927
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
C7T4G2_WHEAT
150
0
17441
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
B9SKJ4_RICCO
492
1
56745
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
B9RY37_RICCO
468
1
53403
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
C7T4H2_WHEAT
89
0
10494
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
B9SLV1_RICCO
482
1
54565
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B9SHL8_RICCO
298
0
34291
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A0B2Q1G4_GLYSO
394
0
45348
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
C7T4H3_TRIUA
150
0
17441
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A2G9G9G9_9LAMI
485
0
56300
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
C7T4G6_WHEAT
150
0
17501
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
B9S6B8_RICCO
492
1
55842
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
A0A2P6SDQ7_ROSCH
503
1
57859
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
A0A0B2QBX6_GLYSO
482
1
54774
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A2G9H511_9LAMI
398
0
45531
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
C7T4G8_WHEAT
92
0
10772
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
B7P3N3_IXOSC
143
0
16594
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
C7T4G7_WHEAT
256
0
29280
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
C7T4G4_WHEAT
256
0
29392
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
B9SIU0_RICCO
435
0
50069
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A0B2Q5U7_GLYSO
475
1
54173
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A2I0BFI6_9ASPA
244
1
27223
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
C7T4H1_WHEAT
26
0
2999
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
B9R7Y0_RICCO
458
0
52319
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
B9R7C1_RICCO
455
1
51667
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 5)
B9S685_RICCO
480
1
54954
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
B9T450_RICCO
476
1
53928
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
U5YM12_MALDO
503
1
57515
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
B9SN45_RICCO
482
1
55213
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway