EC Number   |
Natural Substrates |
|---|
   2.3.1.26 | acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
- |
| 2.3.1.26 | long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
- |
| 2.3.1.26 | oleoyl-CoA + cholesterol |
- |
| 2.3.1.26 | acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
ACAT-1 plays an important role in the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions |
| 2.3.1.26 | more |
hepatic ACAT2 plays a critical role in driving the production of atherogenic lipoproteins |
| 2.3.1.26 | long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
may play an important role in regulation of the accumulation of cholesterol esters within smooth muscle cells of the artery wall during atherogenesis and in synthesis of cholesterol esters during hepatic very low-density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion |
| 2.3.1.26 | long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
responsible for cellular synthesis of cholesterol esters in various cell types |
| 2.3.1.26 | long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
role in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis |
| 2.3.1.26 | more |
the enzyme contains two different binding sites for steroidal molecules. In addition to cholesterol, other sterols that possess the 3-beta OH at C-3, including pregnenolone, oxysterols such as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, etc., and various plant sterols, can all be ACAT substrates. Pregnenolone can only be an ACAT substrate because it lacks the iso-octyl side chain required to be an ACAT activator. The unnatural cholesterol analogs epi-cholesterol (with 3-alpha OH in steroid ring B) and ent-cholesterol (the mirror image of cholesterol) contain the iso-octyl side chain but do not have the 3-beta OH at C-3. Thus, they can only serve as activators and cannot serve as substrates |
| 2.3.1.26 | long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + cholesterol |
the enzyme is relevant for cellular cholesterol esterification in vivo, the regulation in human mononuclear phagocytes indicates that the enzyme is also involved in foam cell formation during early atherogenesis |
