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Literature summary extracted from

  • Parimi, N.S.; Durie, I.A.; Wu, X.; Niyas, A.M.M.; Eiteman, M.A.
    Eliminating acetate formation improves citramalate production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli (2017), Microb. Cell Fact., 16, 114 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
2.3.3.21 synthesis synthesis of citramalate at high yield by Escherichia coli overexpressing citramalate synthase. Citramalate is a chemical precursor to the industrially important methacrylic acid. Acetate is an undesirable by-product potentially formed from pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, the precursors of citramalate during aerobic growth of Escherichia coli. Gene deletions critical to reducing acetate accumulation during aerobic growth and citramalate production are ifdentified in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains. The key knockouts critical to minimizing acetate formation are identified as pta, ackA and poxB Methanocaldococcus jannaschii

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.3.3.21 expressed in Escherichia coli MG1655 cells Escherichia coli
2.3.3.21 expression in Escherichia coli Methanocaldococcus jannaschii

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.3.21 acetyl-CoA + pyruvate + H2O Escherichia coli
-
 CoA + citramalate
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.3.21 Escherichia coli
-
-
-
2.3.3.21 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Q58787
-
-
2.3.3.21 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661 Q58787
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.3.21 acetate + pyruvate
-
 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii citramalate
-
 ?
2.3.3.21 acetate + pyruvate
-
 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661 citramalate
-
 ?
2.3.3.21 acetyl-CoA + pyruvate + H2O
-
 Escherichia coli CoA + citramalate
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.3.3.21 CimA
-
 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
2.3.3.21 CimA
-
 Escherichia coli
2.3.3.21 citramalate synthase
-
 Escherichia coli
2.3.3.21 citramalate synthase
-
 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.3.21 metabolism key enzyme in metabolic pathways for citramalate synthesis Methanocaldococcus jannaschii