Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | the uncleaved monomeric zymogen of caspase-9 has very low activity, which is increased upon dimerization. In dimeric caspase-9 cleavage at a specific aspartate residue in the intersubuint linker between the large and small subunits is required for caspase-9 to attain increased activity. Full enzymatic activity is achieved only upon interaction with the apoptosome, a multicomponent, heptameric caspase-9 activating platform | Homo sapiens |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain B21(DE3) in incusion bodies | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
C172A | the mutant enzyme shows reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
C239S | the mutant enzyme shows reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
C272A | the mutant enzyme shows reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
C272A/C287A | the mutant enzyme shows highly reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
C287A | the active site mutant enzyme shows reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
C287A/C239S | the mutant enzyme shows reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
H237A | the active site mutant enzyme shows reduced zinc binding compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mn2+ | slight inhibition | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | no inhibition by Co2+, PB2+, and Cd2+ | Homo sapiens | |
NO3- | slight inhibition | Homo sapiens | |
Zn2+ | mixed-tpe inhibition, kinetics and mechanism of zinc-mediated inhibition of caspase-9, overview. Two distinct zinc-binding sites on caspase-9, the first site, composed of H237, C239, and C287, includes the active site dyad and is primarily responsible for zinc-mediated inhibition. The second binding site at C272 is distal from the active site. EDTA can hinder enzyme inhibition by Zn2+. Zinc-mediated inhibition does not influence the overall structure of caspase-9 monomers. Each wild-type caspase-9 monomer binds two zinc ions. Caspase-9 variants in which the active-site residues are replaced, C287A or H237A, bind just one zinc | Homo sapiens |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Cd2+ | slight activation | Homo sapiens | |
Co2+ | slight activation | Homo sapiens | |
Pb2+ | slight activation | Homo sapiens |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
proteolytic modification | the uncleaved monomeric zymogen of caspase-9 has very low activity, which is increased upon dimerization. In dimeric caspase-9 cleavage at a specific aspartate residue in the intersubuint linker between the large and small subunits is required for caspase-9 to attain increased activity | Homo sapiens |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain B21(DE3) inclusion bodies by solubilization with guanidine hydrochloride and dialysis, followed by nickel affinity and anion exchange chromatography | Homo sapiens |
Renatured (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain B21(DE3) incusion bodies by solubilization with guanidine hydrochloride and dialysis | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEHD-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | LEHD + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
homodimer | gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, caspases are functional as homodimers of monomeric units that comprise an N-terminal prodomain and a catalytic large and small subunit connected by an intersubunit linker. The zymogen (uncleaved) caspase-9 as a monomer has very low activity, which is increased upon dimerization | Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.5 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0002 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant C272A/C287A, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0007 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant C272A, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0007 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant C287A/C239S, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0008 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant C287A, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0008 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant H237A, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0012 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant C239S, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0015 | - |
Zn2+ | mutant C172A, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
0.0018 | - |
Zn2+ | wild-type enzyme, pH 6.5, 37°C | Homo sapiens |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
physiological function | initiator caspases, such as caspase-9, function in recruitment and regulation and are designated as caspase activation and recruitment domains. As an initiator, caspase-9 regulates the upstream stages of the apoptotic caspase cascade, making it a critical control point. Inhibition by zinc has a regulatory function, and its relief is central to both small-molecule and natively induced caspase activation | Homo sapiens |