Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
biotechnology | the enzyme plays a key role in biotechnology and has a range of important applications in cell isolation, leather, cosmetic, textiles, detergents, food, and pharmaceutical industries | Carica papaya |
industry | the cotton fabric immobilized modified papain has potential applicationsin the functional textiles field | Carica papaya |
synthesis | chemical modification of papain using different anhydrides of 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic and pyromellitic acids and immobilization on cotton fabric results in immobilized papain with optimum pH shifted from 6.0 to 9.0. Compared with immobilized native papain, the thermal stability and the resistance to alkali and washing detergent of immobilized modified enzyme are improved considerably. When the concentration of detergent is 20 mg/ml, the activity of the immobilized pyromellitic papain retains about 40% of its original activity, whereas the native papain is almost inhibited | Carica papaya |
General Stability | Organism |
---|---|
Immobilization of papain after chemical modification increases its stability and reusability in alkaline conditions. After adding of detergent powder in distilled water (final concentration of 5-25 mg/ml) to the proteolytic activity test at 45°C, papains modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride are more stable. The immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride still retains about 40% of its activity in the thickest detergent. For the immobilized unmodified papain, the strong surfactant at 15 and 20 mg/ml causes a significant inhibition of 71% and 86%. At lower concentrations (0-10 mg/ml) of the immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride applied, there is a very slight decrease in the activity. | Carica papaya |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
530.7 | - |
casein | cotton-immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C | Carica papaya | |
700.5 | - |
casein | cotton-immobilized papain modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C | Carica papaya | |
812.1 | - |
casein | cotton-immobilized unmodified papain, pH 8.0, 45°C | Carica papaya |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
casein + H2O | Carica papaya | - |
? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Carica papaya | - |
- |
- |
Carica papaya | P00784 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
commercial preparation | - |
Carica papaya | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic papain has 97.73% relative activity compared to the unmodified enzyme | Carica papaya |
additional information | - |
pyromellitic papain has 95.88% relative activity compared to the unmodified enzyme | Carica papaya |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
casein + H2O | - |
Carica papaya | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
papain | - |
Carica papaya |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
80 | - |
the activity of immobilized pyromellitic papain has a vital peak at 80°C, which may be attributed largely to the particular enzyme structure | Carica papaya |
80 | - |
the enzyme activity of cotton-immobilized native and papain modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride increased gradually with temperature, and the maximum activity is obtained at 80°C | Carica papaya |
Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
60 | 80 | the activity of immobilized unmodified papain and immobilized benzenetricarboxylic papain are increased stably over a period of 60 to 80°C without significant change | Carica papaya |
Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
80 | - |
15% activity of immobilized pyromellitic papain after 4 h at pH 8.0 | Carica papaya |
80 | - |
total activity losses for the cotton-immobilized unmodified papain and immobilized benzenetricarboxylic papain after 4 at pH 8.0 | Carica papaya |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.386 | - |
casein | cotton-immobilized papain modified by pyromellitic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C | Carica papaya | |
1.604 | - |
casein | cotton-immobilized papain modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride, pH 8.0, 45°C | Carica papaya | |
1.79 | - |
casein | cotton-immobilized unmodified papain, pH 8.0, 45°C | Carica papaya |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6 | - |
maximum activity of native papain activity | Carica papaya |
6 | - |
enzyme immobilized on cotton fabric | Carica papaya |
9 | - |
enzyme modified by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride or pyromellitic anhydride | Carica papaya |
9 | - |
1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic-modified and pyromellitic acid-modified enzyme immobilized on cotton fabric | Carica papaya |
pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6 | 11 | the native enzyme rapidly decreases to the relative activity of 70% | Carica papaya |
7 | 10 | the native papain displaying over 80% of its activity | Carica papaya |
7 | 10 | the papain modified by by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride and pyromellitic anhydride displaying over 80% of its activity | Carica papaya |