Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
L-aspartate | 10fold activation | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
L-aspartate | the cytosolic isozyme is 50% activated by L-aspartate | Trypanosoma brucei | |
L-aspartate | the cytosolic isozyme is over 10fold activated by L-aspartate | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes, expression in of His-tagged isozymes ME1 and ME2 Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)pLysS | Trypanosoma brucei |
cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes, expression of His-tagged ME2 in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3)pLysS and of His-tagged ME1 in Escherichia coli BL(DE3) | Trypanosoma cruzi |
expression of His-tagged isozymes ME1 and ME2 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Trypanosoma brucei |
expression of His-tagged isozymes ME1 and ME2 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant His-tagged cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography | Trypanosoma brucei |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
oxaloacetate | competitive | Trypanosoma brucei | |
oxaloacetate | competitive | Trypanosoma cruzi |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.016 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.016 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.027 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
0.027 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
0.032 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
0.032 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
0.048 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.048 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.13 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
0.13 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
0.32 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.32 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.49 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
0.49 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
2.3 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
2.3 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
4.3 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME1, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
4.3 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
5.1 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME2, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
5.1 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
5.3 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME2, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
5.3 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
7.6 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME1, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
7.6 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | cytosolic isozyme, appears to be clearly more abundant in the insect stage, although it can be immunodetected in the bloodstream form | Trypanosoma brucei | 5829 | - |
cytosol | cytosolic isozyme, the cytosolic isoform appears to be more abundant in the insect stages of the parasite | Trypanosoma cruzi | 5829 | - |
cytosol | both cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes are more abundant in the insect stage, although they can be immunodetected in the bloodstream forms | Trypanosoma brucei | 5829 | - |
cytosol | the cytosolic isoform is more abundant in the insect stages of the parasite | Trypanosoma cruzi | 5829 | - |
mitochondrion | mitochondrial isozyme, appears to be clearly more abundant in the insect stage, although it can be immunodetected in the bloodstream form | Trypanosoma brucei | 5739 | - |
mitochondrion | mitochondrial isozyme, the expression of the mitochondrial isozyme seems to be clearly upregulated in amastigotes | Trypanosoma cruzi | 5739 | - |
mitochondrion | both cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes are more abundant in the insect stage, although they can be immunodetected in the bloodstream forms | Trypanosoma brucei | 5739 | - |
mitochondrion | expression of the mitochondrial ME is upregulated in amastigotes | Trypanosoma cruzi | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | activates, kcat is 1280/s and Km 0.27 mM for ME1, and kcat is 208/s and Km 0.58 mM for ME2 | Trypanosoma brucei | |
Mg2+ | highly activating, kcat is 461/s and Km 0.04 mM for ME1, and kcat is 864/s and Km 0.57 mM for ME2 | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
Mg2+ | can partially substitute for Mn2+, activates | Trypanosoma brucei | |
Mg2+ | can partially substitute for Mn2+, activates | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
Mn2+ | activates, required | Trypanosoma brucei | |
Mn2+ | activates, required | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
Mn2+ | activates, kcat is 518/s and Km 0.0043 mM for ME1, and kcat is 687/s and Km 0.0091 mM for ME2 | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
Mn2+ | highly activating, kcat is 905/s and Km 0.0024 mM for ME1, and kcat is 246/s and Km 0.0066 mM for ME2 | Trypanosoma brucei |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma brucei | - |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma brucei | - |
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
? | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener | - |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener | - |
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
? | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma brucei 427 | - |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma brucei 427 | - |
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 | - |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 | - |
pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Trypanosoma brucei | - |
- |
- |
Trypanosoma brucei | - |
grown in male Wistar rats | - |
Trypanosoma brucei 427 | - |
- |
- |
Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 | - |
grown in male Wistar rats | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
- |
- |
Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant His-tagged cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography | Trypanosoma cruzi |
recombinant His-tagged isozymes ME1 and ME2 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography | Trypanosoma brucei |
recombinant His-tagged isozymes ME1 and ME2 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
amastigote | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
epimastigote | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
additional information | both isozymes appear to be clearly more abundant in the insect stage, although they can be immunodetected in the bloodstream forms | Trypanosoma brucei | - |
additional information | the expression of the mitochondrial isozyme seems to be clearly upregulated in amastigotes, whereas the cytosolic isoform appears to be more abundant in the insect stages of the parasite | Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
additional information | both cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes are more abundant in the insect stage, although they can be immunodetected in the bloodstream forms | Trypanosoma brucei | - |
additional information | expression of the mitochondrial ME is upregulated in amastigotes, while the cytosolic isoform is more abundant in the insect stages of the parasite | Trypanosoma cruzi | - |
procyclic form | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener | pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei 427 | pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 | pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
? | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs | Trypanosoma brucei | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs | Trypanosoma cruzi | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
? | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs | Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei 427 | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs | Trypanosoma brucei 427 | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r | |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | oxaloacetate represents the intermediate resulting from dehydrogenation of malate during the first step of the catalytic cycle of MEs | Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 | pyruvate + NADPH + H+ + CO2 | - |
r |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
tetramer | - |
Trypanosoma brucei |
tetramer | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malic enzyme | - |
Trypanosoma brucei |
malic enzyme | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
8.3 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME1, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
8.3 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
34 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME2, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
34 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
39 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME2, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
39 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
113 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME1, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
113 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
242 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
242 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
284 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
284 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
504 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
504 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
518 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
518 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
683 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
683 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
691 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
691 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
1132 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
1132 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
1206 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
1206 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.4 | - |
assay at | Trypanosoma brucei |
7.4 | - |
assay at | Trypanosoma cruzi |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | |
NADP+ | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | |
NADP+ | specific for | Trypanosoma brucei | |
NADP+ | specific for | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
NADPH | - |
Trypanosoma brucei | |
NADPH | - |
Trypanosoma cruzi | |
NADPH | specific for | Trypanosoma brucei | |
NADPH | specific for | Trypanosoma cruzi |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
physiological function | in those environments where glucose is very low or absent, the pathogen depends on NADP-linked dehydrogenases such as the MEs for NADPH production, as in those conditions the pentose phosphate pathway cannot serve as a source of essential reducing power | Trypanosoma brucei |
physiological function | in those environments where glucose is very low or absent, the pathogen depends on NADP-linked dehydrogenases such as the MEs for NADPH production, as in those conditions the pentose phosphate pathway cannot serve as a source of essential reducing power | Trypanosoma cruzi |
physiological function | possibly, in those environments where glucose is very low or absent, the pathogen depends on NADP-linked dehydrogenases such as the MEs for NADPH production, as in those conditions the pentose phosphate pathway cannot serve as a source of essential reducing power | Trypanosoma brucei |
physiological function | possibly, in those environments where glucose is very low or absent, the pathogen depends on NADP-linked dehydrogenases such as the MEs for NADPH production, as in those conditions the pentose phosphate pathway cannot serve as a source of essential reducing power | Trypanosoma cruzi |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME1, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
1.1 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
6 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME2, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
6 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
8 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME2, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
8 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
26 | - |
pyruvate | isozyme ME1, with NADPH and CO2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
26 | - |
pyruvate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
297 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
297 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
494 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
494 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
3536 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
3536 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
3981 | - |
(S)-malate | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
3981 | - |
(S)-malate | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
17780 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
17780 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei | |
18680 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
18680 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
21600 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME2, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
21600 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME2, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma cruzi | |
25170 | - |
NADP+ | isozyme ME1, pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication | Trypanosoma brucei | |
25170 | - |
NADP+ | pH and temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant isozyme ME1, in presence of 0.5 mM Mn2+ | Trypanosoma brucei |