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EC Number	Cofactor	Commentary	Reference
1.14.14.32	cytochrome b5	-	714275
1.14.14.32	cytochrome b5	3fold stimulation of 17,20-lyase reaction of 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha,17alpha-diol-20-one	657657
1.14.14.32	cytochrome b5	enzyme shows dual functions - as a hydroxylase and as a lyase. The modulation of these two activities occurs through cytochrome b5. Association of cytochrome b5 and CYP17 is thought to be based primarily on electrostatic interactions in which the negatively charged residues pair up with positively charged residues on the proximal surface of the CYP17 molecule. Non-specific interactions of the hydrophobic membrane regions of cytochrome b5 and CYP17 are also thought to play a crucial role in the association of these two haemoproteins. Although cytochrome b5 is known to stimulate CYP activity by contributing the second electron in the catalytic cycle, in the case of CYP17, the mechanism of cleavage stimulation proceeds via an allosteric mode. It is hypothesised that cytochrome b5 promotes the cleavage by aligning the iron-oxygen complex attack onto the C20 rather than the C17 atom of the steroid substrate molecule	665842
1.14.14.32	cytochrome b5	without effect on steroid 17alpha-hydroxylation, cytochrome b5 causes a 5-10fold stimulation of the 17,20-lyase reaction mediated by CYP17	714352
1.14.14.32	heme	-	714275
1.14.14.32	NADPH	-	695147, 706775

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)