1.14.11.56 L-homophenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 mutant enzyme W40M shows 8.3fold increase in turnover number for L-homophenylalanine as compared to wild-type enzyme and mutant enzyme W40M/I103L shows 112fold increase in turnover number. Mutation reprograms the natural hydroxylase to predominantly act as a desaturase, giving almost exclusively 3,4-desaturated L-homophenylalanine, through capability of tyrosine to serve as a catalytic entity in the reaction mechanism Sinorhizobium meliloti ? + succinate + CO2 - ? 462645 1.14.11.56 L-pipecolate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Mesorhizobium loti cis-5-hydroxypipecolate + cis-3-hydroxypipecolate + succinate + CO2 - ? 442445 1.14.11.56 L-pipecolate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Sinorhizobium meliloti cis-5-hydroxypipecolate + cis-3-hydroxypipecolate + succinate + CO2 - ? 442445 1.14.11.56 L-pipecolic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Mesorhizobium loti cis-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + cis-3-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + succinate + CO2 the ratio between cis-5/cis-3 isomers is about 1:7 ? 439687 1.14.11.56 L-pipecolic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Mesorhizobium loti cis-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + cis-3-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + succinate + CO2 the ratio between cis-5/cis-3 isomers is about 2:1 ? 439687 1.14.11.56 L-pipecolic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 cis-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + cis-3-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + succinate + CO2 the ratio between cis-5/cis-3 isomers is about 1:7 ? 439687 1.14.11.56 L-pipecolic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Mesorhizobium loti 1021 cis-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + cis-3-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid + succinate + CO2 the ratio between cis-5/cis-3 isomers is about 2:1 ? 439687 1.14.11.56 L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Mesorhizobium loti cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2 - ? 402743 1.14.11.56 L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 - Sinorhizobium meliloti cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2 - ? 402743 1.14.11.56 L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 presence of 2-oxoglutarate is strictly required Mesorhizobium loti cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2 - ? 402743