1.3.1.112 berry a high amount of leucoanthocyanidin reductases LAR1 and LAR2 and of ANR is present at the pre-veraison stage, localized on the outer layer of the berry skin, the vascular bundle and the inner layer of the seed coat 739752 1.3.1.112 berry grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins, and accumulation continues in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. During grape ripening, proanthocyanidin levels decrease in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR are no longer detected 676588 1.3.1.112 berry mRNA accumulates at the early stage of berry development and decreases toward the ripening stage. Proanthocyanidins accumulate in the berry skins and seeds before veraison, especially during the early stages of development 737415 1.3.1.112 flower grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development 676588 1.3.1.112 fruit grape skin 716027 1.3.1.112 leaf - 676650 1.3.1.112 leaf ANR is expressed in expanding leaves 676588 1.3.1.112 seed grape flowers have high levels of proanthocyanidins, and accumulation continues in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. ANR is expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. During grape ripening, proanthocyanidin levels decrease in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR are no longer detected 676588