1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase kernel - 285652 1.1.1.14 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase kernel isoform Sdh1, specific for kernel and endosperm. Maximaml expression at both mRNA and enzyme activity level during early kernel development 689569 1.11.1.6 catalase kernel spadix 439798 1.14.19.2 stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase kernel - 744605, 746527 1.15.1.1 superoxide dismutase kernel - -, 438149 1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase kernel - 742854 1.23.5.1 violaxanthin de-epoxidase kernel expression pattern of ZmVDE1 during maize kernel development. ZmVDE1 is mainly expressed in the late stages of the embryo, endosperm and whole seed 744970 1.3.1.42 12-oxophytodienoate reductase kernel - 390774 1.3.2.3 L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase kernel - 745635 1.5.99.12 cytokinin dehydrogenase kernel - 288534, 288535, 288538, 288540, 288542, 655490, 656629, 675643, 724253 1.5.99.12 cytokinin dehydrogenase kernel developing, TaCKX6a 655490 1.5.99.12 cytokinin dehydrogenase kernel most abundant in -, 656984 1.8.1.7 glutathione-disulfide reductase kernel - 394753, 394754 1.8.4.2 protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) kernel activity increases to the 3rd week after anthesis 686037 2.1.1.12 methionine S-methyltransferase kernel activity does not change significantly during the first 2 d of germination, increases during the 3rd and 4th day 485145 2.1.1.68 caffeate O-methyltransferase kernel - 734390 2.1.1.B74 apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase kernel - 643766 2.2.1.7 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase kernel yellow kernel 720127 2.3.1.30 serine O-acetyltransferase kernel - 757959 2.3.1.41 beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I kernel - 674095 2.3.1.72 indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase kernel - 487444, 487445 2.3.1.72 indoleacetylglucose-inositol O-acyltransferase kernel endosperm 487446 2.3.1.74 chalcone synthase kernel low expression 756166 2.3.1.74 chalcone synthase kernel very low expression 756166 2.4.1.1 glycogen phosphorylase kernel - 488304 2.4.1.10 levansucrase kernel - 736970 2.4.1.10 levansucrase kernel developing from anthesis until maturity. 1,6-Kestotetraose formation is prominent during the first 13 days after anthesis, and little or no 6-SFT activity is observed later on during maturation 736970 2.4.1.100 2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase kernel - 736970 2.4.1.100 2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase kernel developing from anthesis until maturity. 1-FFT is almost exclusively active during the first 9 days after anthesis and no 1,1-kestotetraose is produced during the last weeks of kernel development 736970 2.4.1.121 indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase kernel - 488521, 488522, 488524, 488525 2.4.1.121 indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase kernel immature 487444 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase kernel SUS1 is the predominant isoform of SUS associated with microsomes isolated from the base of the maize leaf elongation zone and from kernels at 20 and 30 days after pollination. SUS2 exists predominantly as a hetero-oligomer with SUS1 in kernels 676470 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase kernel SUS2 is particularly abundant in kernels at various pollination stages 676470 2.4.1.13 sucrose synthase kernel SUSSH1 is predominant in developing kernels 676470 2.4.1.14 sucrose-phosphate synthase kernel - 659949 2.4.1.156 indolylacetyl-myo-inositol galactosyltransferase kernel immature 488623 2.4.1.168 xyloglucan 4-glucosyltransferase kernel - 488694 2.4.1.18 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme kernel developing 636927, 737052 2.4.1.21 starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring) kernel - 736155 2.4.1.215 cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase kernel - 660220 2.4.1.215 cis-zeatin O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase kernel lower level of mRNA 288693 2.4.1.242 NDP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase kernel - 735886 2.4.1.243 6G-fructosyltransferase kernel - 736970 2.4.1.243 6G-fructosyltransferase kernel developing from anthesis until maturity. 1+6G-Kestotetraose is formed at 5 days after anthesis with both sucrose and 1-kestotriose as substrate and also with sucrose as a single substrate 736970 2.4.1.25 4-alpha-glucanotransferase kernel - 489001, 489023 2.4.1.25 4-alpha-glucanotransferase kernel kernel endosperm 489023 2.4.1.354 (R)-mandelonitrile beta-glucosyltransferase kernel enzyme accumulates to higher levels in the bitter types 745013 2.4.1.99 sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase kernel - 736970 2.4.1.99 sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase kernel developing from anthesis until maturity. When sucrose is the sole substrate, 1-kestotriose formation is highest during the first 9 days after anthesis, as well as 1-SST activity for 1-kestotriose formation from sucrose and 6G-kestotriose, after which the latter activity suddenly decreases. Little 1-kestotriose formation is seen in wheat kernels harvested between 9 and 28 days after anthesis whereas no such activity is observed later on during kernel development. 1+6G-kestotetraose formation follows a similar pattern to 1-kestotriose synthesis throughout kernel development although the formed 1+6G-kestotetraose levels are always lower 736970 2.4.2.34 indolylacetylinositol arabinosyltransferase kernel immature 489797 2.5.1.112 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase (ADP/ATP-dependent) kernel strong expression in developing kernel 689564 2.5.1.116 homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase kernel genotype G37 (red pericarp) shows higher expression than G7 (light brown) and G33 (red pericarp) at milky and mature grain development stages but lower than both parents. The transcript levels are comparatively low in mature grain 738386 2.5.1.116 homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase kernel grain tocotrienol and HGGT levels increase in the early stage and then reach a plateau 738276 2.5.1.116 homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase kernel preferential expression in mesocarp and kernel tissues 739300 2.5.1.27 adenylate dimethylallyltransferase kernel strong expression of isoform IPT2 in developing kernels. At 8-10 days after pollination the endosperm and especially the basal transfer cell layer is a major site of IPT2 expression, this expression persists in the basal transfer cell layer and the developing embryo into later kernel development stages 689564 2.5.1.75 tRNA dimethylallyltransferase kernel - 489962 2.7.1.1 hexokinase kernel - 676389 2.7.1.4 fructokinase kernel - 641485, 641488 2.7.7.27 glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase kernel - 706292 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase kernel - 691572 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase kernel cytosolic mRNA of OsPPDKB is induced in the reproductive organs after pollination, and greatly increases until about 10 days after fertilization. This mRNA is localized mainly in the endosperm, aleurone, and scutellum of the developing kernel 663095 3.1.2.14 oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase kernel - 663566, 716463 3.1.2.14 oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase kernel developing kernel 716580 3.1.3.26 4-phytase kernel - 94776 3.2.1.117 amygdalin beta-glucosidase kernel amygdalin contents in different genotypes, i.e. cultivars Ramillete, Marcona, Garrigues, and S3067, the content is high in bitter variants such as S3067, and low in sweet variants such as Ramillete, overview 706999 3.2.1.118 prunasin beta-glucosidase kernel - 751884 3.2.1.118 prunasin beta-glucosidase kernel amygdalin contents in different genotypes, i.e. cultivars Ramillete, Marcona, Garrigues, and S3067, the content is high in bitter variants such as S3067, and low in sweet variants such as Ramillete, overview 706999 3.2.1.136 glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-beta-xylanase kernel - 680326 3.2.1.153 fructan beta-(2,1)-fructosidase kernel - 753712 3.2.1.154 fructan beta-(2,6)-fructosidase kernel - 753712 3.2.1.26 beta-fructofuranosidase kernel - 700859 3.2.1.26 beta-fructofuranosidase kernel the vacuolar isozyme Inv-V is important in kernel development, overview 666992 3.2.1.68 isoamylase kernel - 136814 3.2.1.68 isoamylase kernel developing 657126 3.2.1.8 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase kernel - 680326 3.2.1.8 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase kernel largest part of the endoxylanases is located in the outer wheat kernel layers 680288 3.2.1.8 endo-1,4-beta-xylanase kernel wheat kernel associated endoxylanases consist of a minority of endogenous endoxylanases 680326 3.2.1.99 arabinan endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinanase kernel the mesocarp promotes the production of the enzyme (71%) when compared to the whole fruit (60.6%) and the other epicarp layers endocarp (26%) and kernel (28%). The mesocarp of Terminalia catappa is a potential and cost effective source for the production of alpha 1,5-L-endo-arabinase 750846 3.2.2.22 rRNA N-glycosylase kernel - 664811, 665864 4.1.1.1 pyruvate decarboxylase kernel mature 114285 4.1.2.10 (R)-mandelonitrile lyase kernel - 747465 4.2.1.31 maleate hydratase kernel - 5642 5.4.99.5 chorismate mutase kernel - 3551 5.5.1.4 inositol-3-phosphate synthase kernel - 661916 7.1.3.1 H+-exporting diphosphatase kernel - 670567