2.6.1.97	evolution	specific Archaea such as Sulfolobus tokodaii have retained ArcS in addition to GAT-QueC, overview	717018	
2.6.1.97	evolution	structure-based alignments comparing arcTGT and TgtA2 reveal that TgtA2 lacks key arcTGT catalytic residues and contains an additional module. Members of the TgtA2 and arcTGT family do not perfectly co-distribute	-, 719859	
2.6.1.97	evolution	the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis lacks an arcTGT orthologue	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	malfunction	a Haloferax volcanii DELTAtgtA2 derivative demonstrates that tRNA from the mutant strain lacks G+ and instead accumulates preQ0	-, 719859	
2.6.1.97	malfunction	recombinant expression of the arcTGT orthologue from Thermoplasma acidophilum in the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis arcS-deletion strain and functional complementation. Less TkRaSEA is obtained from the extract containing TaArcS compared to TkArcS	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	metabolism	archaeosine biosynthesis pathway, overview	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	metabolism	GAT-QueC also catalyzes biosynthesis of G+-tRNA, pathways, overview	717018	
2.6.1.97	metabolism	TgtA2 is involved in archaeosine biosynthesis in vivo. Archaeosine biosynthesis is especially complex, involving the initial production of 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0), an advanced precursor that is produced in a tRNA-independent portion of the biosynthesis, followed by its insertion into the tRNA by the enzyme tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, which replaces the target guanine base yielding preQ0-tRNA	-, 719859	
2.6.1.97	metabolism	the enzyme is responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of archaeosine in the D-loop of tRNA	-, 765740	
2.6.1.97	additional information	G+ can be tolerated in Escherichia coli at position 34 in normally Q-containing tRNA when recombinant GAT-QueC and QueF are introduced	717018	
2.6.1.97	additional information	presence of the 7-deazaguanosine derivative archaeosine, i.e. G+, at position 15 in tRNA is one of the diagnostic molecular characteristics of the archaea	-, 719859	
2.6.1.97	additional information	the archaeosine synthases from Methanosarcina acetivorans is composed of ArcS (subunit alpha) and a radical SAM enzyme TkRaSEA (q0kN-tRNA lyase, subunit beta) both forming a robust complex. The MaArcS-MaRaSEA complex formation is inducible by arabinose. Interaction analysis, overview	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	additional information	the archaeosine synthases from Thermococcus kodakarensis is composed of ArcS (subunit alpha) and a radical SAM enzyme TkRaSEA (q0kN-tRNA lyase, subunit beta) both forming a robust complex, but the interaction between TkRaSEA and Thermoplasma acidophilum ArcS is considerably weaker. Interaction analysis, overview	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	additional information	Thermoplasma acidophilum ArcS also interacts with the q0kN-tRNA lyase TkRaSEA from Thermococcus kodakarensis, interaction analysis, overview	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	physiological function	archaeosine (G+), 7-formamidino-7-deazaguanosine, is an archaea-specific modified nucleoside found at the 15th position of tRNAs. In Euryarchaeota, 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0)-containing tRNA (q0N-tRNA), synthesized by archaeal tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (ArcTGT), is converted to G+-containing tRNA (G+-tRNA) by the paralogue of ArcTGT, ArcS. Several euryarchaeal ArcSs have lysine transfer activity to q0N-tRNA to form q0kN-tRNA, which has a preQ0 lysine adduct as a base. ArcS forms a robust complex with a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme named RaSEA. The ArcS-RaSEA complex anaerobically converts q0N-tRNA to G+-tRNA in the presence of SAM and lysine via q0kN-tRNA. It is proposed that ArcS and RaSEA should be considered an archaeosine synthase alpha-subunit (lysine transferase) and beta-subunit (q0kN-tRNA lyase), respectively	-, 759819	
2.6.1.97	physiological function	ArcS catalyzes the final step in the G+ pathway, the conversion of preQ0-tRNA to G+-tRNA, in Euryarchaeota	717018