1.1.1.103 synthesis over-expression of a feedback-resistant threonine operon thrA*BC, with deletion of the genes that encode threonine dehydrogenase tdh and threonine transporters tdcC and sstT, and introduction of a mutant threonine exporter rhtA23 in Escherichia coliMDS42. The resulting strain shows about 83% increase in L-threonine production when cells are grown by flask fermentation, compared to a wild-type Escherichia coli strain MG1655 engineered with the same threonine-specific modifications described above -, 709827