2.7.11.16 ATP + a G protein-coupled receptor the GRKs are important in the cardiovascular system, the major G protein-coupled receptor regulatory pathway involves phosphorylation of activated receptors by GRKs, followed by binding of arrestin proteins, which prevent receptors from activating downstream heterotrimeric G protein pathways while allowing activation of arrestin-dependent signaling pathways, general mechanisms of GRK-arrestin regulation, overview, physiological functions and potential pathophysiological roles of GRKs and arrestins in human disorders, overview 2.7.11.16 ATP + alpha-synuclein GRK5 phosphorylates Ser-129 of alpha-synuclein at the plasma membrane and induces translocation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein to the perikaryal area, GRK5 promotes alpha-linolenic acid-induced oligomerization of alpha-synuclein, alpha-synuclein phosphorylation by GRK5 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's disease, sPD 2.7.11.16 ATP + ATP + G protein-coupled receptor - 2.7.11.16 ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization of the receptor by GRK4, GRK5, and GRK6 2.7.11.16 ATP + BLT1 receptor GRK6, ablation of GRK6 leads to augmented signaling by leukotriene B4 acting through the BLT1 receptor 2.7.11.16 ATP + central M2 muscarinic receptor desensitization of the receptor by GRK5, GRK5 regulates pulmmonary responses by activation of the airway receptor, but does not regulate the peripheral cardiac muscarinic receptors 2.7.11.16 ATP + CXCR4 receptor GRK6, the pathway is important in facilitating neutrophil retention in the bone marrow 2.7.11.16 ATP + dopamine D1 receptor rapid desensitization of the receptor by GRK4 and GRK6, Na+/H+ exchanger activity of the receptor, overview 2.7.11.16 ATP + dopamine D1 receptor dopamine D1 receptors in IEC-6 rapidly desensitize to D1-like agonist stimulation and GRK 6 isozymes A and B, but not GRK 4, appear to be involved in agonist-mediated responsiveness and desensitization 2.7.11.16 ATP + dopamine D1 receptor GRK4