2.7.11.24 ATP + a protein - 2.7.11.24 ATP + a protein MAPK activate mitogen-activated proteins in several signal transduction pathways, overview 2.7.11.24 ATP + activating transcription factor 2 ATF2 2.7.11.24 ATP + AP1 substrate of ERK1/2, ERK access to the substrate is regulated by the all-trans retinoic acid receptor, RAR 2.7.11.24 ATP + Arabidopsis thaliana protein AT1G7815 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + Arabidopsis thaliana protein AT2G26530 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + Arabidopsis thaliana protein AT3G11330 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + Arabidopsis thaliana protein AT4G38710 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + ATF2 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + BES1 i.e. brassinosteroid insensitive1-ethyl methanesulfonate-suppressor1, an Arabidospis thaliana transcription factor. S286 and S137 residues are required for flg22-induced BES1 full phosphorylation in vivo, in which S286 plays a greater role than S137 2.7.11.24 ATP + c-Jun - 2.7.11.24 ATP + c-Jun substrate of JNK 2.7.11.24 ATP + c-Jun the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2 2.7.11.24 ATP + c-Jun the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated JNK3 2.7.11.24 ATP + DNA polymerase II substrate of Hog1p 2.7.11.24 ATP + EB1c the microtubule plus end protein 2.7.11.24 ATP + Elk-1 an ETS family transcription factor 2.7.11.24 ATP + Elk1 the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2 2.7.11.24 ATP + Elk1 the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated JNK3 2.7.11.24 ATP + GLH-1 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + Hot1p substrate of Hog1p, phosphorylation of Hot1p is not required for Hot1p-mediated gene expression 2.7.11.24 ATP + human glucocorticoid receptor specific phosphorylation at Ser211 by p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK is a mediator in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of lymphoid cells, interaction of MAPK and glucocorticoid pathways, overview 2.7.11.24 ATP + Lin-1 substrate of ERK2, negative regulation of Lin-1 2.7.11.24 ATP + MAPKAP-K2 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + MAPKAP-K3 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + MAPKAPK2 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + MEF2 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + MKS1 MPK4 acts as a regulator of pathogen defense responses and is required for repression of salicylic acid-dependent resistance and for activation of jasmonate-dependent defense gene expression via MSK1, which interacts with the transcription factors WRKY25 and WRKY33 2.7.11.24 ATP + MMP-9 activity of p38 MAP kinase, TNF-alpha stimulates MMP-9 expression via the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway in 5637 cells, and p38 MAP kinase-mediated MMP-9 gene regulation in response to TNF-alpha is involved in the NF-kappaB response element in 5637 cells, regulation, overview 2.7.11.24 ATP + multifunctional protein CAD CAD initiates and regulates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is activated by phosphorylation at Thr456 by nuclear MAPKs, nuclear import of CAD is required for optimal cell growth 2.7.11.24 ATP + MYB32 - 2.7.11.24 ATP + myelin basic protein - 2.7.11.24 ATP + Net an ETS family transcription factor 2.7.11.24 ATP + nodulation outer protein L nodulation outer protein L variants with six or eight serine to alanine substitutions are partially active, whereas nodulation outer protein L forms with 10 or 12 substituted serine residues are inactive 2.7.11.24 ATP + phospholipase C-gamma1 the reaction is performed by activated phosphorylated ERK2, phosphorylation inhibits phospholipase C-gamma1 2.7.11.24 ATP + Smad1 the MAP kinase antagonizes Smad1 in signaling during development of axis and neural specification, Smad1 is involved in dorsal-ventral patterning in embryos 2.7.11.24 ATP + Smad3 substrate of MAPKs, e.g. ERK2 2.7.11.24 ATP + SPRH1 phosphorylation at Ser-49, Ser-52 and Ser-94 2.7.11.24 ATP + Ste50 Hog1 phosphorylates Ste50 in response to osmotic stress, and phosphorylation of Ste50 limits the duration of Kss1 activation and prevents invasive growth under high osmolarity growth conditions. The feedback phosphorylation event leads to more transient activation of Hog1, regulation, overview 2.7.11.24 ATP + Ste50 Hog1 phosphorylates Ste50 in response to osmotic stress, and phosphorylation of Ste50 limits the duration of Kss1 activation and prevents invasive growth under high osmolarity growth conditions. The feedback phosphorylation event leads to more transient activation of Kss1, regulation, overview 2.7.11.24 ATP + TBP substrate of p38 MAPK 2.7.11.24 ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser8 and Ser31 by ERK1 and ERK2 is involved in regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis 2.7.11.24 ATP + WRKY1 - 2.7.11.24 ATPgammaS + myelin basic protein Arabidopsis thaliana MPKs use ATPgammaS to thiophosphorylate myelin basic protein 2.7.11.24 additional information - 2.7.11.24 additional information the mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog HOG1 gene controls glycerol accumulation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans 2.7.11.24 additional information p38-delta is activated by environmental stress, extracellular stimulants, and MAPK kinase-3, -4, -6, and -7, suggesting that p38-delta is a unique stress-responsive protein kinase 2.7.11.24 additional information Jnk3-mediated signalling pathway is an important component in the pathogenesis of glutamate neurotoxicity 2.7.11.24 additional information JUN N-terminal kinase signaling is required to initiate the cell shape change at the onset of the epithelial wound healing. The embryonic JUN N-terminal kinase gene cassette is induced at the edge of the wound 2.7.11.24 additional information functions of D-p38 is to attenuate antimicrobial peptide gene expression following exposure to lipopolysaccharide 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme plays a pivotal role in a variety of signal transduction pathways 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is required for the transition from mitosis into conjugation 2.7.11.24 additional information DJNK signal transduction pathway mediates an immune response and morphogenesis 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme functions as a part of the fission yeast growth control pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during Drosophila embryogenesis, is controlled by the Drosophila JNK pathway, D-Fos and the phosphatase Puckered 2.7.11.24 additional information possible role of asymmetric p38 activation in zebrafish in symmetric and synchronous cleavage 2.7.11.24 additional information the enzyme regulates cell integrity and functions coordinately with the protein kinase C pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information the enzyme is involved in regulating the response of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is required for restoring the osmotic gradient across the cell membrane 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is implicated in signal transduction pathways 2.7.11.24 additional information PMK1 is part of a highly conserved MAP kinase signal transduction pathway that acts cooperatively with a cAMP signaling pathway for fungal pathogenesis 2.7.11.24 additional information BMK1 may regulate signaling events distinct from those controlled by the ERK group of enzymes 2.7.11.24 additional information stress-activated MAP kinase regulates morphogenesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 2.7.11.24 additional information MAP kinase functions as an intermediate between MPF and the interphase-M phase transition of microtubule organization 2.7.11.24 additional information MKK4 is a JNK activator in vivo and an essential component of the JNK signal transduction pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is activated in response to a variety of cellular stresses and is involved in apoptosis in neurons 2.7.11.24 additional information ERK1 plays an essential role during the growth and differentiation 2.7.11.24 additional information MAP kinase, ERK-A is required downstream of raf in the Sev signal transduction pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information the enzyme plays a crucial role in stress and inflammatory responses and is also involved in activation of the human immunodeficiency virus gene expression 2.7.11.24 additional information JNK1 is a component of a novel signal transduction pathway that is activated by oncoproteins and UV irradiation, JNK1 activation may play an important role in tumor promotion 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is involved in polarized cell growth 2.7.11.24 additional information kinase activation may play a role in the mitogenic induction of symbiotic root nodules on alfalfa by Rhizobium signal molecules 2.7.11.24 additional information conjugation, meiosis, and the osmotic stress response are regulated by Spc1 kinase through Atf1 transcription factor in fission yeast 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme may function to modulate Dpp signaling 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme plays an important role in egg maturation or ectogenetic early development 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is involved in the signal transduction pathway initiated by proinflammatory cytokines and UV radiation 2.7.11.24 additional information the JNK pathway is conserved and it is involved in controlling cell morphogenesis in Drosophila 2.7.11.24 additional information UNC-16 may regulate the localization of vesicular cargo by integrating JNK signaling and kinesin-1 transport 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is required for spore wall assembly 2.7.11.24 additional information during Drosophila embryogenesis, ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally. This process, dorsal closure, requires two signaling pathways: the Drosophila Jun-amino-terminal kinase pathway and the Dpp pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information RKK, RK, and MAPKAP kinase-2 constitute a new stress-activated signal transduction pathway in vertebrates that is distinct from the classical MAPK cascade 2.7.11.24 additional information signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Tyr and Thr phosphorylation of FUS3 and KSS1 2.7.11.24 additional information JNK is necessary for T-cell differentiation but not for naive T-cell activation 2.7.11.24 additional information DAC2/FUS3 protein kinase is not essential for transcriptional activation of the mating pheromone response pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information acts downstream of the Wis1 MAP kinase kinase to control cell size at division in fission yeast 2.7.11.24 additional information the enzyme functions as a Scaffold factor in the JNK signaling pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is involved in growth control pathway 2.7.11.24 additional information p493F12 gene maps to the human chromosome 21q21 region, a region that may be important in the pathogenesis of AD and Down's syndrome 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is activated by cellular stresses and plays an important role in regulating gene expression 2.7.11.24 additional information enzyme is part of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, crosstalk and regulation mechanism, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information Hog1 is related to osmotic stress 2.7.11.24 additional information signaling pathway, including ERK, regulation, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information the enzyme is part of a signalling cascade resulting in an increase in Ca2+-fluxes, activation of NF-kappaB, and expression of interleukin-8, the cascade is stimulated by pathogens, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Staphylococcus aureus RN6390, binding to asialo-glycolipid receptors, e.g. the asialoGM1 receptor, in epithelial membranes, no activation occurs with the pil mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the agr mutant of Staphylococcus aureus RN6911, Ca2+-dependent signaling, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information ceramide activation of mitochondrial p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a potential mechanism for loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and apoptosis 2.7.11.24 additional information ERK, but not p38 and JNK, is involved in TGF-beta production in macrophages, the phosphatidylserine-receptor is involved in the ERK signaling pathway, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information Fus3, Kss1, and Hog1 function during the mating pheromone response, the switch of filamentous growth, and the response to high osmolarity, respectively, detailed pathway overview, MAPK signaling pathways and specificity, pathway sequestering mechanism modeling, separation via subcellular compartmentalization, temporal separation, scaffolding, combinatorial signaling, detailed overview 2.7.11.24 additional information Gpmk1 MAP kinase regulates the induction of secreted lipolytic enzymes 2.7.11.24 additional information MAPK pathways overview, interaction of MAPKs and transcription factors, overview, the MAPKs act as structural adaptors and enzymatic activators in transcription complexes, e.g. ERK1 and ERK2 interact with AP1-complex, which is regulated via the all-trans retinoic acid receptor and TPA, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information MAPK pathways overview, the MAPKs act as structural adaptors and enzymatic activators in transcription complexes, e.g. Hog1p, Hot1p, and Sko1p, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information MAPKs play a pivotal role in signal transduction 2.7.11.24 additional information MAPKs, e.g. p38, play a key role in the transductin of biological signals from cell surface receptors, through the cytoplasm, to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 isozymes are involved in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation response, p38 expression and activity in signaling in erythroid cells is independent of erythropoietin 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 MAP kinase mediates the activation of neutrophils and repression of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in response to inhibition by plasma opsonized crystals of calcium diphosphate dihydrate, p38 MAP kinase is involved in apoptosis of neutrophils, regulation overview 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 MAPK, but not ERKs or JNKs, regulates the serotonin transporter, SERT, and subsequent signaling induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 MAPK, ERK1, and ERK2 are involved in regulation of connective tissue growth factor, CTGF, in chondrocyte maturation and function, particularly in the hypertrophic zone, as part of the retinoid and BMP signaling pathways, overview, p38 MAPK stimulates CTGF expression, while ERK1 and ERK2 supress it 2.7.11.24 additional information regulation mechanism of p38 MAPK activity involving the protein kinases MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, aas well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information signaling pathways overview, the enzyme is important in transduction of external stimuli and signals from the cell membrane to nuclear and other intracellular targets, the enzyme is involved in regulation of several cellular processes in cell growth, differentiation, development cell cycle, death and survival, the enzyme is also involved in pathogenesis of several processes in the heart, e.g. hypertrophy, ischemic and reperfusion injury, as well as in cardioprotection, the MAPK family enzymes have regulatory function in the myocardium, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information spatiotemporal control of the Ras/ERK MAP kinase signaling pathway, involving multiple factors, is a key factor for determining the specificity of cellular responses including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival, the fidelity of the signaling is regulated by docking interactions and by scaffolding, molecular mechanism of negative regulation of Ras/ERK signaling 2.7.11.24 additional information tert-butyl hydroperoxide activation of MAPK might be involved in vascular dysfunction in oxidative stress responses and the vascular inflammatory process 2.7.11.24 additional information the enzyme is involved in biocontrol properties and repression of conidiation of the fungal hosts in the dark, effects of wild-type and mutant enzymes on host growth, morphology, and conidiation, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information the p38 MAPKalpha is involved in cell signal transduction and mediates responses to cell stresses and to growth factors 2.7.11.24 additional information activated p39 MAPK inhibits steroid synthesis in adrenocortical Y1-BS1 cells, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information activation of JNK facilitates tumour necrosis factor-induced cell death. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is induced by TNF-stimulation, but it is not involved in TNF-induced cell death. p38alpha MAPK inhibits JNK activation and collaborates with IkappaB kinase 2 to prevent endotoxin-induced liver failure. p38alpha MAPK inhibits MKK4, and MKK3/6, regulation, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinases in promyelocytes and cancer cells. It enhances adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, release, and activity of gelatinase and degranulation of secretory, specific, and gelatinase, but not azurophilic granules, and is dependent upon activation of p38 and/or JNK. Activation of p38 and JNK is not associated with the ability of arsenic trioxide to induce human neutrophil apoptosis, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk1, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk1 pathway, mechanism, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of Erk2, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of Erk2 pathway, mechanism, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information cadmium induces neuronal apoptosis in part through activation of JNK, Cd-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A and 5, PP2A andPP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway, mechanism, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information JNK2 shows conformational flexibility in the MAP kinase insert and its involvement in the regulation of catalytic activity, the MAP kinase insert of JNK2 plays a role in the regulation of JNK2 activation, possibly by interacting with intracellular binding partners, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information MAP kinases are essential signaling molecules that mediate many cellular effects of growth factors, cytokines, and stress stimuli 2.7.11.24 additional information MAPK cascades play a key role in plant growth and development as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses 2.7.11.24 additional information MAPKs are involved in the upstream regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 decreases TNF-alpha-mediated DNA binding activity of NF-?B, which is is involved in p38MAP kinase-mediated control of the MMP-9 gene in 5637 cells, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 MAPK is a central signaling molecule in many proinflammatory pathways, regulating the cellular response to a multitude of external stimuli including heat, ultraviolet radiation, osmotic shock, and a variety of cytokines especially interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha 2.7.11.24 additional information p38 MAPK is induced in response to environmental stress, it is implicated in diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival of differentiated cells in the central nervous system, expression profile and roles of p38 MAPK in the developing brain, overview. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enhance proliferation of mouse neural stem cells, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information promoting influence of JNK-1 on both nuclear DAF-16 translocations and DAF-16 target gene sod-3, encoding superoxide dismutase 3, expressions within peripheral, non-neuronal tissue, JNK-1 modulates the intestinal stress-induced translocation of DAF-16 from the cytosol into the cell nucleus. JNK-1 is controlled by the MAPK JKK-1 under heat stress 2.7.11.24 additional information the adaptor protein Ste50 functions in multiple MAP kinase pathways, each with unique dynamical and developmental properties. Hog1 activity is transient and promotes cell adaptation to osmotic stress, Ste50 is a target for feedback regulation of the two pathways, overview. Hog1 mediates gene induction, e.g. the Ty1 or TEC1 promoters, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information the adaptor protein Ste50 functions in multiple MAP kinase pathways, each with unique dynamical and developmental properties. Kss1 activity is sustained and promotes invasive growth, Ste50 is a target for feedback regulation of the two pathways, overview. Kss1 mediates gene induction, e.g. the Ty1 or TEC1 promoters, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 is a key regulator in the signaling pathways controlling the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta 2.7.11.24 additional information trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modeling, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information trauma-hemorrhage suppresses MAPK phosphorylation and activation in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated splenic dendritic cells, in lipopolysaccharide-unstimulated cells the activation is increased, modelling, overview 2.7.11.24 additional information FLAG-tagged Arabidopsis thaliana proteins AT1G78150, AT2G26530, AT3G11330, and AT4G38710 are good MPK3/6 substrates, but are poor substrates for the closely related Arabidopsis thaliana MPK4 2.7.11.24 additional information MPK6 interacts with gamma-tubulin and co-sediments with plant microtubules polymerized in vitro. The active form of MAP kinase is enriched with microtubules and follows similar dynamics to gamma-tubulin, moving from poles to midzone during the anaphase-to-telophase transition 2.7.11.24 N6-benzyl-ATPgammaS + myelin basic protein Arabidopsis thaliana MPK3 mutant T119A uses N6-benzyl-ATPgammaS to thiophosphorylate myelin basic protein