1.1.1.81 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+ - 1.1.1.81 D-glycerate + NAD+ - 1.1.1.81 D-glycerate + NADP+ - 1.1.1.81 glyoxylate + NAD(P)H - 1.1.1.81 glyoxylate + NAD(P)H the enzyme is involved in removal of the metabolic by-product from liver 1.1.1.81 glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ - 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H - 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H cofactor NADPH, 80% of activity with NADH, rate of oxidation reaction: 1.5% of reduction reaction only with cofactor NADH 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ - 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+ - 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NADPH - 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ - 1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ key enzyme of the serine cycle 1.1.1.81 additional information enzyme deficiency leads to primary hyperoxaluria type 2 with increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones, and renal failure 1.1.1.81 additional information the enzyme is transcriptionally regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARalpha, in liver, overview 1.1.1.81 additional information HPR3 prefers NADPH over NADH and converts glycerate to hydroxypyruvate, the purified recombinant HPR3 shows similar activity with hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate 1.1.1.81 additional information the recombinant AtHPR1 prefers NADH over NADPH and hydroxypyruvate over glyoxylate. Isozyme AtHPR1 also converts glyoxylate to glycolate, albeit with much lower catalytic efficiency than for hydroxypyruvate 1.1.1.81 additional information the recombinant AtHPR2 prefers NADPH over NADH but utilizes hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate similarly