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TaxTree of Organism Rattus norvegicus Wistar
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
-
preliminary BRENDA-supplied EC number
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoate biosynthesis (6-desaturase)
-
-
PWY-7726
(8E,10E)-dodeca-8,10-dienol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7654
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen
-
-
PWY-8086
1,3-propanediol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7385
1,5-anhydrofructose degradation
-
-
PWY-6992
10-cis-heptadecenoyl-CoA degradation (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7337
10-trans-heptadecenoyl-CoA degradation (MFE-dependent, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7339
10-trans-heptadecenoyl-CoA degradation (reductase-dependent, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7338
11-oxyandrogens biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8202
2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate
-
-
PWY-5654
2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde degradation to glutaryl-CoA
-
-
PWY-5652
2-nitrobenzoate degradation I
-
-
PWY-5647
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis I (aerobic, light-dependent)
-
-
CHLOROPHYLL-SYN
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis II (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-5531
3,8-divinyl-chlorophyllide a biosynthesis III (aerobic, light independent)
-
-
PWY-7159
3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6352
4-aminobutanoate degradation III
-
-
PWY-6536
5'-deoxyadenosine degradation I
-
-
PWY-8130
6-gingerol analog biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-6920
9-cis, 11-trans-octadecadienoyl-CoA degradation (isomerase-dependent, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7340
acetone degradation I (to methylglyoxal)
-
-
PWY-5451
acetone degradation III (to propane-1,2-diol)
-
-
PWY-7466
adenine and adenosine salvage VI
-
-
PWY-6619
adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-7227
adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7220
adenosine nucleotides degradation I
-
-
PWY-6596
adenosine nucleotides degradation II
-
-
SALVADEHYPOX-PWY
aerobic respiration I (cytochrome c)
-
-
PWY-3781
aerobic respiration II (cytochrome c) (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7279
aerobic respiration III (alternative oxidase pathway)
-
-
PWY-4302
alliin metabolism
-
-
PWY-5706
Amaryllidacea alkaloids biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7826
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial)
-
-
PWY-7384
anandamide biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-8051
anandamide biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8053
androgen biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-378
androstenedione degradation I (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-6944
androstenedione degradation II (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-8152
aromatic biogenic amine degradation (bacteria)
-
-
PWY-7431
backdoor pathway of androgen biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8200
Bifidobacterium shunt
-
-
P124-PWY
bupropion degradation
-
-
PWY66-241
Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle
-
-
CALVIN-PWY
CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5667
CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY0-1319
ceramide de novo biosynthesis
-
-
PWY3DJ-12
CMP phosphorylation
-
-
PWY-7205
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes)
-
-
PWY-6138
creatine biosynthesis
-
-
GLYCGREAT-PWY
creatine phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6158
cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8045
D-arabinose degradation V
-
-
PWY-8334
D-galactose degradation IV
-
-
PWY-6693
D-xylose degradation to ethylene glycol (engineered)
-
-
PWY-7178
detoxification of reactive carbonyls in chloroplasts
-
-
PWY-6786
diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
-
TRIGLSYN-PWY
DIMBOA-glucoside activation
-
-
PWY-4441
docosahexaenoate biosynthesis III (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7606
dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis
dopamine degradation
-
-
PWY6666-2
drosopterin and aurodrosopterin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7442
dTMP de novo biosynthesis (mitochondrial)
-
-
PWY66-385
dZTP biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8289
Entner-Doudoroff pathway I
-
-
PWY-8004
erythritol biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-8372
erythritol biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8373
ethanol degradation IV
-
-
PWY66-162
ethene biosynthesis III (microbes)
-
-
PWY-6854
fatty acid beta-oxidation IV (unsaturated, even number)
-
-
PWY-5138
fatty acid beta-oxidation V (unsaturated, odd number, di-isomerase-dependent)
-
-
PWY-6837
fatty acid beta-oxidation VI (mammalian peroxisome)
-
-
PWY66-391
fatty acid beta-oxidation VII (yeast peroxisome)
-
-
PWY-7288
flavin biosynthesis I (bacteria and plants)
-
-
RIBOSYN2-PWY
flavin biosynthesis II (archaea)
-
-
PWY-6167
flavin biosynthesis III (fungi)
-
-
PWY-6168
flavin salvage
-
-
PWY66-366
folate polyglutamylation
folate transformations I
-
-
PWY-2201
folate transformations II (plants)
-
-
PWY-3841
folate transformations III (E. coli)
-
-
1CMET2-PWY
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway)
-
-
PWY-1622
formaldehyde assimilation II (assimilatory RuMP Cycle)
-
-
PWY-1861
formaldehyde assimilation III (dihydroxyacetone cycle)
-
-
P185-PWY
formaldehyde oxidation II (glutathione-dependent)
-
-
PWY-1801
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-423
gamma-glutamyl cycle
-
-
PWY-4041
gamma-linolenate biosynthesis II (animals)
-
-
PWY-6000
ganglio-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7836
glucocorticoid biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-381
gluconeogenesis I
-
-
GLUCONEO-PWY
gluconeogenesis II (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum)
-
-
PWY-6142
gluconeogenesis III
-
-
PWY66-399
glutathione-peroxide redox reactions
-
-
PWY-4081
glycerol degradation I
-
-
PWY-4261
glycerol degradation to butanol
-
-
PWY-7003
glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
-
-
PWY-6118
glycerol-3-phosphate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1561
glycerol-3-phosphate to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1582
glycerol-3-phosphate to hydrogen peroxide electron transport
-
-
PWY0-1591
glycerophosphodiester degradation
-
-
PWY-6952
glycine betaine degradation I
-
-
PWY-3661
glycine betaine degradation II (mammalian)
-
-
PWY-3661-1
glycine betaine degradation III
-
-
PWY-8325
glycine biosynthesis I
-
-
GLYSYN-PWY
glycogen degradation I
-
-
GLYCOCAT-PWY
glycogen degradation II
-
-
PWY-5941
glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate)
-
-
GLYCOLYSIS
glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate)
-
-
PWY-5484
glycolysis III (from glucose)
-
-
ANAGLYCOLYSIS-PWY
glycolysis IV
-
-
PWY-1042
glycolysis V (Pyrococcus)
-
-
P341-PWY
guadinomine B biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7693
guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-7226
guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7222
guanosine nucleotides degradation I
-
-
PWY-6607
guanosine nucleotides degradation II
-
-
PWY-6606
guanosine nucleotides degradation III
-
-
PWY-6608
guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7221
heme b biosynthesis I (aerobic)
-
-
HEME-BIOSYNTHESIS-II
heme b biosynthesis II (oxygen-independent)
-
-
HEMESYN2-PWY
heme b biosynthesis IV (Gram-positive bacteria)
-
-
PWY-7766
heme b biosynthesis V (aerobic)
-
-
HEME-BIOSYNTHESIS-II-1
heme degradation I
-
-
PWY-5874
heterolactic fermentation
-
-
P122-PWY
hydrogen to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1576
hypoglycin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5826
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
PWY-7049
incomplete reductive TCA cycle
-
-
P42-PWY
inosine 5'-phosphate degradation
-
-
PWY-5695
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
PWY-6876
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate)
-
-
ALACAT2-PWY
L-alanine degradation VI (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8188
L-arabinose degradation II
-
-
PWY-5515
L-arginine biosynthesis I (via L-ornithine)
-
-
ARGSYN-PWY
L-arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)
-
-
ARGSYNBSUB-PWY
L-arginine biosynthesis IV (archaea)
-
-
PWY-7400
L-arginine degradation I (arginase pathway)
-
-
ARGASEDEG-PWY
L-arginine degradation VI (arginase 2 pathway)
-
-
ARG-PRO-PWY
L-arginine degradation XIII (reductive Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-8187
L-arginine degradation XIV (oxidative Stickland reaction)
-
-
PWY-6344
L-carnitine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6100
L-citrulline biosynthesis
-
-
CITRULBIO-PWY
L-citrulline degradation
-
-
CITRULLINE-DEG-PWY
L-cysteine biosynthesis II (tRNA-dependent)
-
-
PWY-6308
L-cysteine degradation III
-
-
PWY-5329
L-histidine degradation II
-
-
PWY-5028
L-leucine degradation I
-
-
LEU-DEG2-PWY
L-lysine biosynthesis IV
-
-
LYSINE-AMINOAD-PWY
L-lysine biosynthesis V
-
-
PWY-3081
L-lysine degradation II (L-pipecolate pathway)
-
-
PWY66-425
L-lysine degradation V
-
-
PWY-5283
L-lysine degradation XI
-
-
LYSINE-DEG1-PWY
L-Ndelta-acetylornithine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6922
L-ornithine biosynthesis II
-
-
ARGININE-SYN4-PWY
L-phenylalanine degradation I (aerobic)
-
-
PHENYLALANINE-DEG1-PWY
L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain)
-
-
PWY-6318
L-phenylalanine degradation V
-
-
PWY-7158
L-proline biosynthesis III (from L-ornithine)
-
-
PWY-3341
L-serine biosynthesis I
-
-
SERSYN-PWY
L-serine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-8011
L-tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
-
-
PWY-5651
L-tryptophan degradation VI (via tryptamine)
-
-
PWY-3181
L-tryptophan degradation X (mammalian, via tryptamine)
-
-
PWY-6307
L-tryptophan degradation XI (mammalian, via kynurenine)
-
-
PWY-6309
L-tryptophan degradation XII (Geobacillus)
-
-
PWY-6505
L-tyrosine biosynthesis IV
-
-
PWY-6134
leukotriene biosynthesis
-
-
PWY66-375
melatonin degradation I
-
-
PWY-6398
melatonin degradation II
-
-
PWY-6399
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde IV
-
-
PWY-5506
methiin metabolism
-
-
PWY-7614
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion
-
-
PWY-6303
methylaspartate cycle
methylglyoxal degradation I
-
-
PWY-5386
methylglyoxal degradation III
-
-
PWY-5453
methylglyoxal degradation VIII
-
-
PWY-5386-1
methylsalicylate degradation
-
-
PWY18C3-24
mixed acid fermentation
-
-
FERMENTATION-PWY
morphine biosynthesis
N-acetylneuraminate and N-acetylmannosamine degradation I
-
-
PWY0-1324
NAD salvage (plants)
-
-
PWY-5381
NAD salvage pathway III (to nicotinamide riboside)
-
-
NAD-BIOSYNTHESIS-II
NADH to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1336
nicotine degradation IV
-
-
PWY66-201
nicotine degradation V
-
-
PWY66-221
nitrate reduction IX (dissimilatory)
-
-
PWY0-1581
nitrate reduction X (dissimilatory, periplasmic)
-
-
PWY0-1584
nitric oxide biosynthesis II (mammals)
-
-
PWY-4983
noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation
-
-
PWY-6342
oleate beta-oxidation
-
-
PWY0-1337
oleate beta-oxidation (reductase-dependent, yeast)
-
-
PWY-7307
oleate biosynthesis III (cyanobacteria)
-
-
PWY-7587
palmitoyl ethanolamide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8055
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs)
-
-
PWY-5913
pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch) II
-
-
PWY-8178
pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch) I
-
-
OXIDATIVEPENT-PWY
peptido-conjugates in tissue regeneration biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-8355
phenylethanol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5751
phenylethylamine degradation I
-
-
2PHENDEG-PWY
phosphatidate biosynthesis (yeast)
-
-
PWY-7411
phosphatidate metabolism, as a signaling molecule
-
-
PWY-7039
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY4FS-3
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis IV
-
-
PWY4FS-4
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis V
-
-
PWY-6825
phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY4FS-6
photorespiration I
-
-
PWY-181
photorespiration II
-
-
PWY-8362
photorespiration III
-
-
PWY-8363
plasmalogen biosynthesis I (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-7782
plasmalogen degradation
-
-
PWY-7783
polyhydroxydecanoate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6657
ppGpp metabolism
-
-
PPGPPMET-PWY
procollagen hydroxylation and glycosylation
-
-
PWY-7894
propanethial S-oxide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5707
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (plants and animals)
-
-
PWY-7919
protein S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation
-
-
PWY-7798
purine deoxyribonucleosides salvage
-
-
PWY-7224
purine nucleobases degradation I (anaerobic)
-
-
P164-PWY
purine nucleobases degradation II (anaerobic)
-
-
PWY-5497
putrescine biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-46
putrescine degradation III
-
-
PWY-0
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage
-
-
PWY-7199
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation
-
-
PWY-7197
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis from CTP
-
-
PWY-7210
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-7184
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7187
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III
-
-
PWY-6545
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis IV
-
-
PWY-7198
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides dephosphorylation
-
-
PWY-7206
pyruvate fermentation to (R)-lactate
-
-
PWY-8274
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
-
-
PWY-6583
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I
-
-
P108-PWY
reactive oxygen species degradation
-
-
DETOX1-PWY-1
reductive TCA cycle I
-
-
P23-PWY
reductive TCA cycle II
-
-
PWY-5392
retinoate biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-6872
retinol biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6857
S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine degradation II
-
-
PWY-6756
salidroside biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6802
saponin biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-5756
sedoheptulose bisphosphate bypass
-
-
PWY0-1517
serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6030
serotonin degradation
-
-
PWY-6313
spermidine biosynthesis I
-
-
BSUBPOLYAMSYN-PWY
spermine biosynthesis
-
-
ARGSPECAT-PWY
sphingolipid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
PWY-5129
Spodoptera littoralis pheromone biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7656
starch degradation III
-
-
PWY-6731
starch degradation V
-
-
PWY-6737
stearate biosynthesis I (animals)
-
-
PWY-5972
stigma estolide biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6453
succinate to chytochrome c oxidase via cytochrome c6
-
-
PWY1YI0-2
succinate to cytochrome bd oxidase electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1353
succinate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer
-
-
PWY0-1329
succinate to cytochrome c oxidase via plastocyanin
-
-
PWY1YI0-3
succinate to plastoquinol oxidase
-
-
PWY1YI0-8
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)
-
-
SUCSYN-PWY
sucrose biosynthesis II
-
-
PWY-7238
sucrose degradation V (sucrose alpha-glucosidase)
-
-
PWY66-373
superoxide radicals degradation
-
-
DETOX1-PWY
superpathway of fermentation (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
-
-
PWY4LZ-257
superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation
-
-
PWY-6901
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation
-
-
PWY-561
superpathway of methylsalicylate metabolism
-
-
PWY18C3-25
superpathway of ornithine degradation
-
-
ORNDEG-PWY
superpathway of polyamine biosynthesis II
-
-
POLYAMINSYN3-PWY
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (E. coli)
-
-
PWY0-166
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic)
-
-
TCA
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi)
-
-
PWY-5690
TCA cycle III (animals)
-
-
PWY66-398
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase)
-
-
P105-PWY
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase)
-
-
PWY-6969
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
-
-
REDCITCYC
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers)
-
-
PWY-7254
TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia)
-
-
TCA-1
teichuronic acid biosynthesis (B. subtilis 168)
-
-
PWY-7820
testosterone and androsterone degradation to androstendione (aerobic)
-
-
PWY-6943
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I (from glutamate)
-
-
PWY-5188
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis II (from glycine)
-
-
PWY-5189
thyroid hormone metabolism II (via conjugation and/or degradation)
-
-
PWY-6261
traumatin and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5410
triacylglycerol degradation
-
-
LIPAS-PWY
tunicamycin biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7821
type I lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis (S. aureus)
-
-
PWY-7817
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate biosynthesis (from UDP-glucose)
-
-
PWY-7346
urea cycle
UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-7176
UTP and CTP dephosphorylation I
-
-
PWY-7185
vancomycin resistance I
-
-
PWY-6454
vanillin biosynthesis I
-
-
PWY-5665
vitamin K-epoxide cycle
dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-6129
folate polyglutamylation
-
-
PWY-2161
methylaspartate cycle
-
-
PWY-6728
morphine biosynthesis
-
-
PWY-5270
urea cycle
-
-
PWY-4984
vitamin K-epoxide cycle
-
-
PWY-7999
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
208999, 438414, 438415, 485393, 485554, 485970, 640082, 640142, 648788, 712120, 712201, 715071, 715528, 715987, 721741, 721833, 722062, 723350, 725962, 729185, 729349, 730239, 732762, 735134, 735966, 738173, 741273, 743434, 752695, 755393, 759850
-
-
-
723787, 732777, 733250, 733958, 739836, 740102, 740106, 740641, 741457, 745084, 747479, 747964, 751381, 754463
SwissProt
-
714913, 734049, 734537, 735773, 738161, 738594, 738838, 738840, 739967, 740289, 740891, 741302, 742889, 744470, 745597, 749749, 749848, 749869, 750070, 751381, 752601, 752610, 753433, 754998, 755142, 761874, 762805, 763849, 764565
A0A0G2K1W9, D3ZFU9, D4A4P4, G3V7N1, O70177, O70199, P00884, P04797, P07943, P09811, P13635, P15684, P19112, P29476, P35571, P37136, P47820, P50123, P51635, P52844, Q4KLZ0, Q920L2, Q924C3, Q9EQV6
Uniprot
wild-type Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) derived thereof
Uniprot
Wistar
2269, 2280, 134176, 135459, 135464, 135467, 135472, 135998, 209222, 209224, 286287, 286565, 287071, 287073, 288681, 389978, 390714, 394700, 486296, 487120, 487915, 487916, 487919, 489225, 489862, 489872, 490912, 586940, 636623, 637118, 637552, 640051, 640053, 640060, 640062, 640174, 640175, 640391, 640826, 640834, 641735, 641740, 645554, 645564, 645713, 646725, 646732, 648109, 658533, 661910, 668750, 673922, 677241, 678087, 678416, 678634, 686856, 688814, 689220, 695686, 699949
-
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Wistar strain
80971, 81039, 209589, 246998, 286886, 286895, 287708, 287712, 288049, 288050, 288554, 288580, 288605, 288612, 390263, 392363, 437741, 440190, 440202, 440232, 441399, 486349, 486369, 488695, 488697, 488698, 488701, 488703, 488706, 488707, 488711, 488712, 488715, 488717, 488719, 488720, 488721, 488723, 488724, 488730, 488734, 488735, 488736, 488737, 488739, 488740, 488746, 488750, 488752, 488762, 488792, 489872, 639701, 639709, 642643, 650483, 650890, 651201, 651976, 652968, 675782, 681612
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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relationship between expression level of the enzyme and mucosal proliferation, overview
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primary cultures of, in vitro activation by atorvastatin, mevalonic acid and U0126, an activator of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2)
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the selective distribution of isozyme DAGKepsilon in photoreceptor cells is a light-dependent mechanism that promotes increased 1-stearoyl, 2-arachidonoylglycerol removal and synthesis of 1-stearoyl, 2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid in the sensorial portion of this cell
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from albino rats, isozyme DAGKepsilon appears to be higher in rod outer segments from rat retinas exposed to light than in those under dark conditions. DAGKepsilon in rat retina naturally exposed to room light is present in all retinal layers and is distributed along the photoreceptor cell
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activity of MMP-2 in odontogenic region of the rat incisor tooth after post shortening procedure, overview
additional information
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while hyperthyroid rats exhibit lower levels of plasma AP A activity than controls, the kidney of hyperthyroid animals expresses significantly higher AP A than controls and hypothyroid animals. A discrepancy between the high expression of AP A in kidney of hyperthyroid rats and the low activity of AP A measured in plasma and kidney of hyperthyroid animals is found. The posttranslational influence of environmental biochemical factors may be in part responsible for that divergence
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expression profile of Cyp46 in the brains of intact, sham-operated, and lesioned animals, overview. Ablation of the sensorimotor cortex induces increase of Cyp46 immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral cortex
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from rats with unilateral depletion of dopamine in the substantia nigra compacta treated with L-DOPA at 30 mg/kg body weight for 34 days, nNOS expression is restricted to neurons
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measurement of creatine kinase activity (hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and prefrontal cortex) in brain if rats are submitted to renal ischemia and the effect of administration of antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine, deferoxamine) on this enzyme. Creatine kinase activity is not altered in cerebellum and striatum of rats. Creatine kinase activity is inhibited in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats 12 h after renal ischemia. The treatment with antioxidants prevents such effect. In cerebral cortex creatine kinase activity is inhibited 6 and 12 h after renal ischemia. Only N-acetylcysteine or N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine are able to prevent the inhibition on the enzyme. Although it is difficult to extrapolate the findings to the human condition, the inhibition of brain creatine kinase activity after renal failure may be associated to neuronal loss and may be involved in the pathogenesis of uremic encephalopathy
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presence of the enzyme in the membranes surrounding neuronal somata and apical dendrites and less frequently in astrocytes
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visual cortex, use of the NADPH-d histochemistry technique to evaluate the expression of NOS across the nervous system
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creatine kinase activity is not altered if rats are submitted to renal ischemia
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in cerebral cortex creatine kinase activity is inhibited 6 and 12 h after renal ischemia. Only N-acetylcysteine or N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine are able to prevent the inhibition on the enzyme
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mRNA expressions of vanin-1 significantly increases in the kidney, but not in the colon, during colitis
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creatine kinase activity is not altered if rats are submitted to renal ischemia
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analysis of expression of the cancer-related protein ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in nontransformed gastric mucosa, relationship between expression level of the enzyme and mucosal proliferation, overview
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chief cells, coordinated decrease of pepsinogen, furin, and transforming growth factor beta
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creatine kinase activity is inhibited in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats 12 h after renal ischemia. The treatment with antioxidants prevents such effect
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determination of levels of hypothalamic phosphorylation of AMPK
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neurons of several nuclei of the hypothalamus, such as the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
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enzyme is detected only in sialoglycoprotein-secreting tissues
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activity in brush border decreases in rats fed folate-deficient diets
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hyperoxaluric rats show intense staining for NADPH-diaphorase when compared to control and L-Arg cosupplemented hyperoxaluric rats
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located in brush border of a renal proximal tubule and the small intestine, and the surface membrane of bile canaliculi
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mRNA expressions of vanin-1 significantly increases in the kidney, but not in the colon, during colitis
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renal cortex and medulla, distal convoluted tubule, and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. The enzyme expression is higher in medulla than in cortex
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renal proximal tubule, no immunoreactivity to the antiserum is found in the glomeruli, in the distal renal tubular epithelial cells, or in the renal tubules in the medulla
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aldolase B is the predominant isozyme in liver and is also expressed in kidney
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located in brush border of a renal proximal tubule and the small intestine, and the surface membrane of bile canaliculi
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positive staining for the enzyme is limited strictly to the membrane of the hepatocytes that consist of bile canaliculi, but no signal is seen in the sinusoidal wall. The low expression of the enzyme in the liver might be due to the limited localization on the bile canaliculi
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neurons of several nuclei of the hypothalamus, such as the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
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the NADPH-d histochemistry stains a selective population of neurons in the brain. The staining allows the visualization of the dendritic tree, resembling a Golgi impregnation, and the cells are distributed sparsely in the cortical tissue, allowing their unbiased identification and reconstruction, quantitative analysis, overview
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enzyme is detected only in sialoglycoprotein-secreting tissues
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no change in catalase activity after treatment with nicotinamide
additional information
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3 isoforms: 1. neuronal, soluble isoform I is constitutively expressed in brain and other tissues and Ca2+-regulated, 2. soluble isoform II is usually not constitutively expressed, but inducible in macrophages and other cells, 3. isoform III is membrane-bound and expressed in endothelial cells
additional information
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acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is located on the outer surfaces of postsynaptic membranes of cholinergic synapses in a synaptic cleft. On the other hand, AChE is expressed in non-cholinergic neurons, located in various sites of brain. AChE can be seen not only in neural and muscular tissues, but in a number of non-excitable tissues free of cholinergic innervation, such as testes, endothelial cells, hemopoetic and osteogenic cells, and various tumors. Besides, it can be found at the outer surface of the erythrocyte membrane
additional information
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activity of eEF2K is selectively increased in proliferating cells
additional information
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coexpression of aldolase B and FBPase-1 in cultured cells
additional information
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coexpression of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) in cultured cells
additional information
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distribution of NADPH-d-positive neurons and fibers in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after saline and leptin treatment, in situ overview
additional information
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enzyme IRAP is highly expressed in brain areas associated with cognition and epilepsy, regions that also display the highest densities of sst2A receptor immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemic analysis, quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence
additional information
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immunohistochemic expression analysis of gene ODC, the ODC protein is detected mainly in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in all 3 groups of animals, i.e. unoperated rats, operated rats fed a normal diet, and operated rats given a carbonate-supplemented diet, also some stromal and inflammatory cells are positively stained, overview
additional information
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light-dependent outer segment localization of DAGKepsilon, DAGKepsilon distribution in the photoreceptor cell is dependent on PIP2-PLC activation by light
additional information
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pattern of NADPH-d neuropil staining and pattern of astrocyte reactivity, qualitative and quantitative analysis, overview. MeHg-intoxicated animals display a significant decrease of NADPH-d neuropil reactivity across the visual cortex when compared to controls
additional information
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tissue expression analysis of the enzyme in conditions such as iodine deficiency and excess, overview
additional information
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tissue expression levels of the enzyme with and without dehydroepiandrosterone addition, overview
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MFE2 possesses a typical peroxisomal matrix protein targeting signal, COOH-terminal Ala-Lys-Leu
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from albino rats, isozyme DAGKepsilon appears to be higher in rod outer segments from rat retinas exposed to light than in those under dark conditions. DAGKepsilon in rat retina naturally exposed to room light is present in all retinal layers and is distributed along the photoreceptor cell
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AChE is located on the outer surfaces of postsynaptic membranes of cholinergic synapses in a synaptic cleft
additional information
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activity decreases in rats fed folate-deficient diets
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the glucokinase-PFK2/FBPase2 complex predominately localizes to the cytoplasmic compartment, peripheral location of the glucokinase-PFK2/FBPase2 interaction close to the plasma membrane
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cytosolic brain-type creatine kinase, mainly soluble brain BCK
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isozyme BCK localization at the endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump is regulated by phosphorylation via AMPK
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Pcyt2 is concentrated in cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
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association of brain-type creatine kinase with membrane structures such as synaptic vesicles and mitochondria, involving hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, respectively. Membrane localization of BCK seems to be an important and regulated feature for the fueling of membrane-located, ATP-dependent processes, stressing again the importance of local rather than global ATP concentrations. Recruitment of BCK to submembrane domains also supports formation of dynamic actin-based protrusions. Hypothetical model of BCK localization at cellular membranes, overview
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about 28% of total enzyme activity located in microsomal fractions
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high (HDM) and low (LDM) density microsomal fractions. LDM consists of microsomes without ribosomes and with portions of endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and fragments of Golgi apparatus. HDM consists of microsomes with ribosomes adhered to its outer surface. The inner side of microsomes is biochemically equivalent to the lumen of the ER
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topology of dlhydroceramide synthesis in microsomes, overview
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the active site of mGPDH faces the mitochondrial intermembrane space, as does its calcium-sensitive EF-hand domain
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about 70% of total enzyme activity located in mitochondrial fractions
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distribution of isozymes in mitochondrial fractions, i.e. myelin fraction, synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria, obtained after separation of brain mitochondria
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highest activity in the matrix, followed by intramembrane space, low activity in inner and outer membrane
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existence of FAD synthesizing and hydrolyzing activities involved in maintaining FAD homeostasis in isolated rat liver nuclei, overview
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when the cells are incubated with 25 mM glucose, the enzyme changes its cellular localization, FBPase-1 becomes more concentrated in the nucleus, but the enzyme still shows an important co-localization in the cellular periphery. In presence of 25 mM glucose and 100 nM insulin, FBPase-1 mainly translocates from cytoplasm to the nucleus
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum, with C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention signal, C-terminal 20 residue transmembrane domain as anchor of enzyme in the membrane of the ER
additional information
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3 isoforms: 1. neuronal, soluble isoform I is constitutively expressed in brain and other tissues and Ca2+-regulated, 2. soluble isoform II is usually not constitutively expressed, but inducible in macrophages and other cells, 3. isoform III is membrane-bound and expressed in endothelial cells
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additional information
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as compared to total, mainly soluble brain BCK, the BCK bound to mitochondria and synaptic vesicles appears to be heterogeneous. Appreciable amounts of cytosolic BCK are bound to synaptic vesicles and mitochondrial membranes, and these interactions are governed by different mechanisms and possibly linked to secondary BCK modifications. Two different mechanisms are possible involving either the membrane or the BCK binding partner: (1) A specific mitochondrial receptor is required, which is absent in liver and removed by the high pH treatment in brain, or (2) BCK requires posttranslational modifications which are missing on the recombinant enzyme
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additional information
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at the cellular level, IRAP immunoreactivity in neurons is associated with the trans-Golgi apparatus and vesicular structures in the proximity of the Golgi cisternae
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additional information
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immunohistochemic localization study, overview
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additional information
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liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) guides the cellular localization of aldolase B
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additional information
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no endogenous activity is detected in the Golgi apparatus or plasma membrane fractions. Transport of (dihydro)-ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to sites of further metabolism in a pre-Golgi apparatus compartment and in the cis and medial cisternae of the Golgi apparatus
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additional information
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subcellular localization analysis of the enzyme, overview
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additional information
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subcellular localization study of SOD1, overview
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for Rattus norvegicus Wistar)
SILVA: 16S/18S rRNA, 23S/28S rRNA
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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