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(S)-propane-1,2-diol degradation
-
-
3-methylbutanol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
acetaldehyde biosynthesis I
-
-
acetylene degradation (anaerobic)
-
-
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
-
-
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
-
-
butanol and isobutanol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
chitin degradation to ethanol
-
-
Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation
-
-
Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450
-
-
ethanol degradation I
-
-
ethanol degradation II
-
-
ethanolamine utilization
-
-
Fatty acid degradation
-
-
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
-
-
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
-
-
heterolactic fermentation
-
-
L-isoleucine degradation II
-
-
L-leucine degradation III
-
-
L-methionine degradation III
-
-
L-phenylalanine degradation III
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation V (side chain pathway)
-
-
L-tyrosine degradation III
-
-
L-valine degradation II
-
-
Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
-
-
methionine metabolism
-
-
Microbial metabolism in diverse environments
-
-
mixed acid fermentation
-
-
Naphthalene degradation
-
-
noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation
-
-
phenylalanine metabolism
-
-
phenylethanol biosynthesis
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol I
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol II
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol III
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to isobutanol (engineered)
-
-
salidroside biosynthesis
-
-
serotonin degradation
-
-
superpathway of fermentation (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
-
-
Caprolactam degradation
-
-
detoxification of reactive carbonyls in chloroplasts
-
-
ethylene glycol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
Glycerolipid metabolism
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation X (mammalian, via tryptamine)
-
-
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to butanol I
-
-
traumatin and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate biosynthesis
-
-
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
-
-
L-homoserine biosynthesis
-
-
1,3-propanediol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
-
-
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
-
-
phosphatidate biosynthesis (yeast)
-
-
D-sorbitol degradation I
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-
degradation of sugar alcohols
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-
Fructose and mannose metabolism
-
-
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
-
-
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism
-
-
teichuronic acid biosynthesis (B. subtilis 168)
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-
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate biosynthesis (from UDP-glucose)
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-
(S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen
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-
Bifidobacterium shunt
-
-
L-lactaldehyde degradation
-
-
Propanoate metabolism
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to (S)-lactate
-
-
superpathway of glucose and xylose degradation
-
-
L-alanine degradation II (to D-lactate)
-
-
vancomycin resistance I
-
-
isoprene biosynthesis II (engineered)
-
-
mevalonate metabolism
-
-
mevalonate pathway II (archaea)
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-
mevalonate pathway III (archaea)
-
-
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
-
-
(R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered)
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-
2-methylpropene degradation
-
-
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle
-
-
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis III (plants)
-
-
androstenedione degradation
-
-
benzoyl-CoA degradation I (aerobic)
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-
Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes
-
-
cholesterol degradation to androstenedione I (cholesterol oxidase)
-
-
cholesterol degradation to androstenedione II (cholesterol dehydrogenase)
-
-
CO2 fixation in Crenarchaeota
-
-
crotonate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate)
-
-
fatty acid beta-oxidation I (generic)
-
-
fatty acid beta-oxidation II (plant peroxisome)
-
-
fatty acid beta-oxidation VI (mammalian peroxisome)
-
-
Fatty acid elongation
-
-
glutaryl-CoA degradation
-
-
L-glutamate degradation V (via hydroxyglutarate)
-
-
methyl ketone biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation
-
-
oleate beta-oxidation
-
-
phenylacetate degradation (aerobic)
-
-
phenylacetate degradation I (aerobic)
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to butanol II (engineered)
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to hexanol (engineered)
-
-
Tryptophan metabolism
-
-
tryptophan metabolism
-
-
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
-
-
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, cytosol)
-
-
C4 and CAM-carbon fixation
-
-
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type
-
-
Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms
-
-
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
-
-
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway)
-
-
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
-
-
incomplete reductive TCA cycle
-
-
malate/L-aspartate shuttle pathway
-
-
methylaspartate cycle
-
-
partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs)
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I
-
-
reductive TCA cycle I
-
-
reductive TCA cycle II
-
-
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation
-
-
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic)
-
-
TCA cycle II (plants and fungi)
-
-
TCA cycle III (animals)
-
-
TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase)
-
-
TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase)
-
-
anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial)
-
-
L-carnitine degradation III
-
-
L-malate degradation II
-
-
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NADP-ME type
-
-
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type
-
-
L-glutamine biosynthesis III
-
-
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered)
-
-
Glutathione metabolism
-
-
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH cytosolic interconversion (yeast)
-
-
TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter)
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-
TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers)
-
-
glucose degradation (oxidative)
-
-
Pentose phosphate pathway
-
-
pentose phosphate pathway
-
-
pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch) I
-
-
Entner Doudoroff pathway
-
-
Entner-Doudoroff pathway I
-
-
formaldehyde oxidation I
-
-
superpathway of glycolysis and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway
-
-
androgen and estrogen metabolism
-
-
Steroid hormone biosynthesis
-
-
testosterone and androsterone degradation to androstendione
-
-
aminopropanol phosphate biosynthesis II
-
-
L-threonine degradation II
-
-
L-threonine degradation III (to methylglyoxal)
-
-
androgen biosynthesis
-
-
progesterone biosynthesis
-
-
sitosterol degradation to androstenedione
-
-
Arachidonic acid metabolism
-
-
arachidonic acid metabolism
-
-
adenosine nucleotides degradation I
-
-
Drug metabolism - other enzymes
-
-
guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
-
-
inosine 5'-phosphate degradation
-
-
(8E,10E)-dodeca-8,10-dienol biosynthesis
-
-
Spodoptera littoralis pheromone biosynthesis
-
-
cholesterol biosynthesis
-
-
cholesterol biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
cholesterol biosynthesis I
-
-
cholesterol biosynthesis II (via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol)
-
-
phytosterol biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
sterol biosynthesis (methylotrophs)
-
-
zymosterol biosynthesis
-
-
glycerol degradation I
-
-
glycerol-3-phosphate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer
-
-
glycerol-3-phosphate to fumarate electron transfer
-
-
glycerol-3-phosphate to hydrogen peroxide electron transport
-
-
glycerophosphodiester degradation
-
-
nitrate reduction IX (dissimilatory)
-
-
nitrate reduction X (dissimilatory, periplasmic)
-
-
Arginine and proline metabolism
-
-
aromatic biogenic amine degradation (bacteria)
-
-
beta-Alanine metabolism
-
-
beta-methyl-branched fatty acid alpha-oxidation
-
-
ceramide and sphingolipid recycling and degradation (yeast)
-
-
ceramide degradation by alpha-oxidation
-
-
dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis I (Wollastonia)
-
-
dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis II (Spartina)
-
-
Entner-Doudoroff pathway III (semi-phosphorylative)
-
-
ethanol degradation III
-
-
ethanol degradation IV
-
-
fatty acid alpha-oxidation I (plants)
-
-
histamine degradation
-
-
hypotaurine degradation
-
-
Insect hormone biosynthesis
-
-
Limonene and pinene degradation
-
-
limonene degradation IV (anaerobic)
-
-
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH mitochondrial interconversion (yeast)
-
-
putrescine degradation III
-
-
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism
-
-
Phenylalanine metabolism
-
-
choline degradation I
-
-
choline degradation IV
-
-
glycine betaine biosynthesis
-
-
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)
-
-
glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria)
-
-
glycine betaine biosynthesis III (plants)
-
-
formaldehyde assimilation III (dihydroxyacetone cycle)
-
-
glycerol degradation to butanol
-
-
glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate)
-
-
glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate)
-
-
glycolysis III (from glucose)
-
-
glycolysis IV (plant cytosol)
-
-
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)
-
-
acetyl CoA biosynthesis
-
-
beta-alanine degradation I
-
-
beta-alanine degradation II
-
-
Inositol phosphate metabolism
-
-
myo-inositol degradation I
-
-
propanoyl-CoA degradation II
-
-
Carbapenem biosynthesis
-
-
L-citrulline biosynthesis
-
-
L-Ndelta-acetylornithine biosynthesis
-
-
L-ornithine biosynthesis II
-
-
L-proline biosynthesis I (from L-glutamate)
-
-
acetyl-CoA biosynthesis II (NADP-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase)
-
-
oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
-
-
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
-
-
ethylene biosynthesis II (microbes)
-
-
L-arginine degradation I (arginase pathway)
-
-
L-proline degradation
-
-
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
-
-
Vitamin B6 metabolism
-
-
pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl CoA
-
-
2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation to succinyl-CoA
-
-
vitamin B1 metabolism
-
-
2-oxoisovalerate decarboxylation to isobutanoyl-CoA
-
-
isoleucine metabolism
-
-
pantothenate biosynthesis
-
-
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoate biosynthesis (6-desaturase)
-
-
(5Z)-dodecenoate biosynthesis II
-
-
10-cis-heptadecenoyl-CoA degradation (yeast)
-
-
10-trans-heptadecenoyl-CoA degradation (reductase-dependent, yeast)
-
-
6-gingerol analog biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
9-cis, 11-trans-octadecadienoyl-CoA degradation (isomerase-dependent, yeast)
-
-
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
-
-
crotonyl-CoA/ethylmalonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle (engineered)
-
-
docosahexaenoate biosynthesis III (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
fatty acid beta-oxidation V (unsaturated, odd number, di-isomerase-dependent)
-
-
fatty acid beta-oxidation VII (yeast peroxisome)
-
-
jasmonic acid biosynthesis
-
-
oleate beta-oxidation (isomerase-dependent, yeast)
-
-
aerobic respiration I (cytochrome c)
-
-
aerobic respiration II (cytochrome c) (yeast)
-
-
aerobic respiration III (alternative oxidase pathway)
-
-
Oxidative phosphorylation
-
-
propionate fermentation
-
-
succinate to cytochrome bd oxidase electron transfer
-
-
succinate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer
-
-
4-aminobutanoate degradation V
-
-
Arginine biosynthesis
-
-
ethylene biosynthesis IV (engineered)
-
-
glutamate and glutamine metabolism
-
-
L-glutamate degradation I
-
-
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
-
-
D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism
-
-
L-lysine degradation V
-
-
Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis
-
-
Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain)
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation VI (via tryptamine)
-
-
melatonin degradation II
-
-
putrescine degradation IV
-
-
beta-alanine biosynthesis I
-
-
N-methyl-Delta1-pyrrolinium cation biosynthesis
-
-
glycine biosynthesis II
-
-
folate transformations II (plants)
-
-
folate transformations III (E. coli)
-
-
One carbon pool by folate
-
-
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis
-
-
tetrahydrofolate metabolism
-
-
L-lysine degradation XI (mammalian)
-
-
oxidative phosphorylation
-
-
superpathway of photosynthetic hydrogen production
-
-
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
-
-
vitamin K-epoxide cycle
-
-
ascorbate recycling (cytosolic)
-
-
4-nitrophenol degradation I
-
-
Aminobenzoate degradation
-
-
ammonia oxidation II (anaerobic)
-
-
nitrate reduction I (denitrification)
-
-
nitrate reduction VII (denitrification)
-
-
nitrifier denitrification
-
-
nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation
-
-
allantoin degradation
-
-
urate conversion to allantoin I
-
-
glutathione metabolism
-
-
glutathione-peroxide redox reactions
-
-
Selenocompound metabolism
-
-
ascorbate glutathione cycle
-
-
dissimilatory sulfate reduction I (to hydrogen sufide))
-
-
dissimilatory sulfate reduction II (to thiosulfate)
-
-
sulfite oxidation III
-
-
o-diquinones biosynthesis
-
-
photosynthesis light reactions
-
-
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde IV
-
-
reactive oxygen species degradation
-
-
superoxide radicals degradation
-
-
baicalein degradation (hydrogen peroxide detoxification)
-
-
betanidin degradation
-
-
justicidin B biosynthesis
-
-
luteolin triglucuronide degradation
-
-
matairesinol biosynthesis
-
-
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
-
-
thyroid hormone biosynthesis
-
-
L-ascorbate degradation II (bacterial, aerobic)
-
-
L-ascorbate degradation III
-
-
L-ascorbate degradation V
-
-
2-nitrotoluene degradation
-
-
catechol degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate I
-
-
catechol degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate II
-
-
Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation
-
-
toluene degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate (via 4-methylcatechol)
-
-
toluene degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate (via toluene-cis-diol)
-
-
toluene degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate I (via o-cresol)
-
-
2-nitrobenzoate degradation I
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation XI (mammalian, via kynurenine)
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation XII (Geobacillus)
-
-
divinyl ether biosynthesis II
-
-
Linoleic acid metabolism
-
-
L-cysteine degradation I
-
-
taurine biosynthesis I
-
-
L-tyrosine degradation I
-
-
plastoquinol-9 biosynthesis I
-
-
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocopherols)
-
-
anandamide lipoxygenation
-
-
15-epi-lipoxin biosynthesis
-
-
aspirin triggered resolvin D biosynthesis
-
-
aspirin triggered resolvin E biosynthesis
-
-
leukotriene biosynthesis
-
-
resolvin D biosynthesis
-
-
3-hydroxy-4-methyl-anthranilate biosynthesis I
-
-
3-hydroxy-4-methyl-anthranilate biosynthesis II
-
-
L-tryptophan degradation I (via anthranilate)
-
-
procollagen hydroxylation and glycosylation
-
-
nicotine degradation IV
-
-
4-nitrophenol degradation II
-
-
nitric oxide biosynthesis II (mammals)
-
-
1,5-anhydrofructose degradation
-
-
acetone degradation I (to methylglyoxal)
-
-
acetone degradation III (to propane-1,2-diol)
-
-
Amaryllidacea alkaloids biosynthesis
-
-
bupropion degradation
-
-
melatonin degradation I
-
-
nicotine degradation V
-
-
vanillin biosynthesis I
-
-
bacterial bioluminescence
-
-
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
-
-
glucocorticoid biosynthesis
-
-
bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway
Primary bile acid biosynthesis
-
-
Cyanoamino acid metabolism
-
-
mineralocorticoid biosynthesis
-
-
astaxanthin biosynthesis (bacteria, fungi, algae)
-
-
Carotenoid biosynthesis
-
-
carotenoid biosynthesis
-
-
flexixanthin biosynthesis
-
-
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis I
-
-
(S)-reticuline biosynthesis II
-
-
betalamic acid biosynthesis
-
-
catecholamine biosynthesis
rosmarinic acid biosynthesis II
-
-
serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis
-
-
Betalain biosynthesis
-
-
firefly bioluminescence
-
-
L-dopa and L-dopachrome biosynthesis
-
-
pheomelanin biosynthesis
-
-
CMP-N-glycoloylneuraminate biosynthesis
-
-
oleate biosynthesis II (animals and fungi)
-
-
sorgoleone biosynthesis
-
-
gamma-linolenate biosynthesis II (animals)
-
-
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II (6-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
(5Z)-icosenoate biosynthesis
-
-
ceramide biosynthesis
-
-
ceramide de novo biosynthesis
-
-
sphingolipid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
Sphingolipid metabolism
-
-
arachidonate biosynthesis
-
-
arachidonate biosynthesis I (6-desaturase, lower eukaryotes)
-
-
arachidonate biosynthesis IV (8-detaturase, lower eukaryotes)
-
-
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis I (lower eukaryotes)
-
-
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis V (8-desaturase, lower eukaryotes)
-
-
dicranin biosynthesis
-
-
C20 prostanoid biosynthesis
-
-
ethylene biosynthesis III (microbes)
-
-
adenosine nucleotides degradation II
-
-
caffeine degradation III (bacteria, via demethylation)
-
-
guanosine nucleotides degradation I
-
-
guanosine nucleotides degradation II
-
-
guanosine nucleotides degradation III
-
-
purine nucleobases degradation I (anaerobic)
-
-
purine nucleobases degradation II (anaerobic)
-
-
theophylline degradation
-
-
Pyrimidine metabolism
-
-
thyroid hormone metabolism I (via deiodination)
-
-
thyroid hormone metabolism II (via conjugation and/or degradation)
-
-
creatine biosynthesis
-
-
3,5-dimethoxytoluene biosynthesis
-
-
betaxanthin biosynthesis
-
-
guaiacol biosynthesis
-
-
L-methionine salvage from L-homocysteine
-
-
S-methyl-L-methionine cycle
-
-
arsenate detoxification I (mammalian)
-
-
8-amino-7-oxononanoate biosynthesis I
-
-
L-arginine biosynthesis I (via L-ornithine)
-
-
L-arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)
-
-
L-arginine biosynthesis IV (archaebacteria)
-
-
L-citrulline degradation
-
-
L-proline biosynthesis II (from arginine)
-
-
cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis
-
-
guadinomine B biosynthesis
-
-
Biosynthesis of ansamycins
-
-
Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle
-
-
formaldehyde assimilation II (assimilatory RuMP Cycle)
-
-
pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch)
-
-
pentose phosphate pathway (partial)
-
-
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
-
-
L-isoleucine biosynthesis I (from threonine)
-
-
L-isoleucine biosynthesis II
-
-
L-isoleucine biosynthesis III
-
-
L-isoleucine biosynthesis IV
-
-
L-valine biosynthesis
-
-
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to (R)-acetoin I
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to (R)-acetoin II
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to (S)-acetoin
-
-
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
-
-
Nitrotoluene degradation
-
-
2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation II
-
-
acetoacetate degradation (to acetyl CoA)
-
-
acetyl-CoA fermentation to butanoate II
-
-
butanoate fermentation
-
-
ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway
-
-
isopropanol biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
L-lysine fermentation to acetate and butanoate
-
-
polyhydroxybutanoate biosynthesis
-
-
pyruvate fermentation to acetone
-
-
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
-
-
10-trans-heptadecenoyl-CoA degradation (MFE-dependent, yeast)
-
-
4-ethylphenol degradation (anaerobic)
-
-
4-oxopentanoate degradation
-
-
Ethylbenzene degradation
-
-
fermentation to 2-methylbutanoate
-
-
L-isoleucine degradation I
-
-
mitochondrial L-carnitine shuttle
-
-
dimorphecolate biosynthesis
-
-
docosahexaenoate biosynthesis I (lower eukaryotes)
-
-
hydroxylated fatty acid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
linoleate biosynthesis I (plants)
-
-
phosphatidylcholine acyl editing
-
-
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis VII
-
-
phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidylcholine, yeast)
-
-
phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidylethanolamine, yeast)
-
-
ricinoleate biosynthesis
-
-
sterol:steryl ester interconversion (yeast)
-
-
2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone biosynthesis
-
-
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis II (from glycine)
-
-
fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (mitochondria)
-
-
superpathway of fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (E. coli)
-
-
Ether lipid metabolism
-
-
Fatty acid biosynthesis
-
-
fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (animals and fungi, cytoplasm)
-
-
palmitate biosynthesis (animals and fungi, cytoplasm)
-
-
(9Z)-tricosene biosynthesis
-
-
arachidonate biosynthesis V (8-detaturase, mammals)
-
-
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis III (8-desaturase, mammals)
-
-
juniperonate biosynthesis
-
-
sciadonate biosynthesis
-
-
stearate biosynthesis I (animals)
-
-
ultra-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis
-
-
very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis I
-
-
very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis II
-
-
NAD salvage pathway V (PNC V cycle)
-
-
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
-
-
hypoglycin biosynthesis
-
-
protein ubiquitination
-
-
acetyl-CoA biosynthesis III (from citrate)
-
-
ferrichrome A biosynthesis
-
-
glycogen degradation I
-
-
glycogen degradation II
-
-
Starch and sucrose metabolism
-
-
starch degradation III
-
-
sucrose biosynthesis II
-
-
glycogen biosynthesis
-
-
glycogen biosynthesis II (from UDP-D-Glucose)
-
-
saponin biosynthesis II
-
-
glycogen biosynthesis I (from ADP-D-Glucose)
-
-
lipid A-core biosynthesis (E. coli K-12)
-
-
complex N-linked glycan biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
complex N-linked glycan biosynthesis (vertebrates)
-
-
N-Glycan biosynthesis
-
-
Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis
-
-
Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate / heparin
-
-
heparan sulfate biosynthesis (late stages)
-
-
adenine and adenosine salvage I
-
-
adenine and adenosine salvage III
-
-
adenine and adenosine salvage V
-
-
fluoroacetate and fluorothreonine biosynthesis
-
-
guanine and guanosine salvage
-
-
nucleoside and nucleotide degradation (archaea)
-
-
purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation I
-
-
purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation II
-
-
purine ribonucleosides degradation
-
-
salinosporamide A biosynthesis
-
-
xanthine and xanthosine salvage
-
-
guanine and guanosine salvage II
-
-
Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis
-
-
ganglio-series glycosphingolipids biosynthesis
-
-
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series
-
-
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo and isoglobo series
-
-
Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series
-
-
2'-deoxymugineic acid phytosiderophore biosynthesis
-
-
ethylene biosynthesis I (plants)
-
-
L-methionine degradation I (to L-homocysteine)
-
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis
-
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle II
-
-
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal detoxification
-
-
camalexin biosynthesis
-
-
gliotoxin biosynthesis
-
-
glutathione-mediated detoxification I
-
-
glutathione-mediated detoxification II
-
-
indole glucosinolate activation (intact plant cell)
-
-
pentachlorophenol degradation
-
-
chorismate biosynthesis from 3-dehydroquinate
-
-
chorismate metabolism
-
-
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
-
-
Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
-
-
di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
-
-
peptidoglycan biosynthesis
-
-
L-nicotianamine biosynthesis
-
-
Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
L-cysteine biosynthesis I
-
-
seleno-amino acid biosynthesis (plants)
-
-
homocysteine and cysteine interconversion
-
-
L-cysteine biosynthesis VI (from L-methionine)
-
-
L-methionine biosynthesis I
-
-
L-methionine biosynthesis II (plants)
-
-
cis-zeatin biosynthesis
-
-
dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis
CMP-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononate biosynthesis
-
-
(R)-cysteate degradation
-
-
aspartate and asparagine metabolism
-
-
coenzyme M biosynthesis
-
-
coenzyme M biosynthesis II
-
-
L-asparagine degradation III (mammalian)
-
-
L-aspartate biosynthesis
-
-
L-aspartate degradation I
-
-
L-glutamate degradation II
-
-
L-phenylalanine biosynthesis I
-
-
L-phenylalanine degradation II (anaerobic)
-
-
L-phenylalanine degradation VI (Stickland reaction)
-
-
Novobiocin biosynthesis
-
-
sulfolactate degradation III
-
-
L-alanine biosynthesis II
-
-
L-alanine degradation III
-
-
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes)
-
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate biosynthesis
-
-
atromentin biosynthesis
-
-
L-tyrosine biosynthesis I
-
-
L-tyrosine degradation II
-
-
L-tyrosine degradation IV (to 4-methylphenol)
-
-
L-tyrosine degradation V (Stickland reaction)
-
-
rosmarinic acid biosynthesis I
-
-
L-serine biosynthesis II
-
-
GDP-glucose biosynthesis
-
-
glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation
-
-
Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis
-
-
Streptomycin biosynthesis
-
-
sucrose degradation III (sucrose invertase)
-
-
trehalose degradation I (low osmolarity)
-
-
trehalose degradation II (cytosolic)
-
-
trehalose degradation IV
-
-
trehalose degradation V
-
-
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis II
-
-
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II
-
-
D-gluconate degradation
-
-
ketogluconate metabolism
-
-
L-idonate degradation
-
-
sorbitol biosynthesis II
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides salvage
-
-
pyrimidine metabolism
-
-
cell-surface glycoconjugate-linked phosphocholine biosynthesis
-
-
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis I
-
-
phosphatidylethanolamine bioynthesis
-
-
plasmalogen biosynthesis
-
-
type IV lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis (S. pneumoniae)
-
-
4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis
-
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage I
-
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage II (plants)
-
-
vitamin B6 metabolism
-
-
1-butanol autotrophic biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
Entner-Doudoroff pathway II (non-phosphorylative)
-
-
gluconeogenesis II (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum)
-
-
glycolysis V (Pyrococcus)
-
-
photosynthetic 3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered)
-
-
3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis
-
-
creatine-phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
-
-
adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
-
-
adenosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
-
-
guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
purine deoxyribonucleosides salvage
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides biosynthesis from CTP
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis IV
-
-
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis (E. coli)
-
-
UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis
-
-
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis I (E. coli)
-
-
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis II (Bacillus)
-
-
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III (Staphylococcus)
-
-
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis IV (eukaryotes)
-
-
thiamine salvage IV (yeast)
-
-
flavin biosynthesis I (bacteria and plants)
-
-
flavin biosynthesis II (archaea)
-
-
flavin biosynthesis III (fungi)
-
-
flavin biosynthesis IV (mammalian)
-
-
Riboflavin metabolism
-
-
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes)
-
-
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis II (bacteria)
-
-
metabolism of amino sugars and derivatives
-
-
isoprenoid biosynthesis
-
-
methylerythritol phosphate pathway I
-
-
methylerythritol phosphate pathway II
-
-
phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis II
-
-
Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism
-
-
anandamide biosynthesis I
-
-
anandamide biosynthesis II
-
-
choline biosynthesis III
-
-
diacylglycerol biosynthesis (PUFA enrichment in oilseed)
-
-
palmitoyl ethanolamide biosynthesis
-
-
phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis II
-
-
phosphatidylcholine resynthesis via glycerophosphocholine
-
-
sulfide oxidation IV (mitochondria)
-
-
thiosulfate disproportionation IV (rhodanese)
-
-
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion
-
-
methylsalicylate degradation
-
-
superpathway of methylsalicylate metabolism
-
-
Bisphenol degradation
-
-
triacylglycerol degradation
-
-
phospholipid remodeling (phosphatidate, yeast)
-
-
plasmalogen degradation
-
-
sophorosyloxydocosanoate deacetylation
-
-
L-ascorbate biosynthesis IV
-
-
L-ascorbate biosynthesis VI (engineered pathway)
-
-
monoacylglycerol metabolism (yeast)
-
-
D-galactose degradation II
-
-
chlorogenic acid degradation
-
-
Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis
-
-
methylglyoxal degradation
-
-
methylglyoxal degradation I
-
-
diethylphosphate degradation
-
-
sulfopterin metabolism
-
-
phosphate acquisition
-
-
NAD salvage pathway III (to nicotinamide riboside)
-
-
pyridine nucleotide cycling (plants)
-
-
tunicamycin biosynthesis
-
-
UTP and CTP dephosphorylation I
-
-
myo-inositol biosynthesis
-
-
phytate degradation I
-
-
3-phosphoinositide degradation
-
-
degradation of aromatic, nitrogen containing compounds
-
-
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
2-arachidonoylglycerol biosynthesis
-
-
phosphatidate metabolism, as a signaling molecule
-
-
D-myo-inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate biosynthesis
-
-
D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate metabolism
-
-
sphingolipid biosynthesis (mammals)
-
-
sphingomyelin metabolism
-
-
chitin degradation I (archaea)
-
-
chitin degradation II (Vibrio)
-
-
chitin degradation III (Serratia)
-
-
Other glycan degradation
-
-
alpha-tomatine degradation
-
-
cellulose degradation
-
-
cellulose degradation II (fungi)
-
-
coumarin biosynthesis (via 2-coumarate)
-
-
ginsenoside metabolism
-
-
linamarin degradation
-
-
linustatin bioactivation
-
-
lotaustralin degradation
-
-
neolinustatin bioactivation
-
-
Glycosaminoglycan degradation
-
-
lactose degradation II
-
-
metabolism of disaccharids
-
-
xyloglucan degradation II (exoglucanase)
-
-
sucrose degradation V (sucrose alpha-glucosidase)
-
-
beta-D-glucuronide and D-glucuronate degradation
-
-
degradation of sugar acids
-
-
Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis
-
-
anhydromuropeptides recycling I
-
-
anhydromuropeptides recycling II
-
-
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (plants and animals)
-
-
protein N-glycosylation processing phase (yeast)
-
-
lactose degradation III
-
-
amygdalin and prunasin degradation
-
-
poly-hydroxy fatty acids biosynthesis
-
-
propanethial S-oxide biosynthesis
-
-
glutathione degradation (DUG pathway - yeast)
-
-
muropeptide degradation
-
-
glutamate removal from folates
-
-
nocardicin A biosynthesis
-
-
glutaminyl-tRNAgln biosynthesis via transamidation
-
-
L-asparagine biosynthesis III (tRNA-dependent)
-
-
L-glutamine degradation I
-
-
acrylonitrile degradation I
-
-
indole-3-acetate biosynthesis II
-
-
indole-3-acetate biosynthesis III (bacteria)
-
-
indole-3-acetate biosynthesis IV (bacteria)
-
-
L-arginine degradation X (arginine monooxygenase pathway)
-
-
3-hydroxyquinaldate biosynthesis
-
-
quinoxaline-2-carboxylate biosynthesis
-
-
ceramide degradation (generic)
-
-
sphingosine metabolism
-
-
anandamide degradation
-
-
lipid IVA biosynthesis (E. coli)
-
-
lipid IVA biosynthesis (P. putida)
-
-
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
-
-
uracil degradation I (reductive)
-
-
urate conversion to allantoin II
-
-
urate conversion to allantoin III
-
-
canavanine degradation
-
-
L-arginine degradation VI (arginase 2 pathway)
-
-
L-arginine degradation VII (arginase 3 pathway)
-
-
putrescine biosynthesis III
-
-
L-arginine degradation V (arginine deiminase pathway)
-
-
protein citrullination
-
-
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis I
-
-
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis IV (Plasmodium)
-
-
drosopterin and aurodrosopterin biosynthesis
-
-
erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis I
-
-
erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis II
-
-
tetrahydromonapterin biosynthesis
-
-
threo-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis
-
-
base-degraded thiamine salvage
-
-
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides dephosphorylation
-
-
L-glutamate degradation IV
-
-
L-glutamate degradation IX (via 4-aminobutanoate)
-
-
superpathway of ornithine degradation
-
-
aminopropylcadaverine biosynthesis
-
-
bisucaberin biosynthesis
-
-
cadaverine biosynthesis
-
-
desferrioxamine B biosynthesis
-
-
desferrioxamine E biosynthesis
-
-
L-lysine degradation I
-
-
L-lysine degradation X
-
-
lupanine biosynthesis
-
-
betaxanthin biosynthesis (via dopamine)
-
-
CO2 fixation into oxaloacetate (anaplerotic)
-
-
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum biosynthetic metabolism
-
-
spermidine biosynthesis I
-
-
spermidine biosynthesis III
-
-
spermine biosynthesis
-
-
4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone biosynthesis
-
-
acridone alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
L-tryptophan biosynthesis
-
-
Phenazine biosynthesis
-
-
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle
-
-
glyoxylate assimilation
-
-
fatty acid beta-oxidation IV (unsaturated, even number)
-
-
L-valine degradation I
-
-
hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis II (mammalian)
-
-
L-cysteine biosynthesis III (from L-homocysteine)
-
-
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I (from glutamate)
-
-
hyaluronan degradation
-
-
chondroitin sulfate degradation I (bacterial)
-
-
L-glutamate degradation VI (to pyruvate)
-
-
L-histidine degradation I
-
-
L-histidine degradation II
-
-
L-histidine degradation III
-
-
L-histidine degradation VI
-
-
canavanine biosynthesis
-
-
L-arginine biosynthesis III (via N-acetyl-L-citrulline)
-
-
inosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis I
-
-
inosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis II
-
-
inosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis III
-
-
dimethyl sulfide biosynthesis from methionine
-
-
D-sorbitol biosynthesis I
-
-
GDP-mannose biosynthesis
-
-
sucrose biosynthesis III
-
-
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)
-
-
sucrose degradation IV (sucrose phosphorylase)
-
-
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine biosynthesis III
-
-
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis I
-
-
brassinosteroid biosynthesis I
-
-
brassinosteroid biosynthesis II
-
-
D-galactose degradation I (Leloir pathway)
-
-
degradation of hexoses
-
-
glucosylglycerol biosynthesis
-
-
glycogen biosynthesis III (from alpha-maltose 1-phosphate)
-
-
streptomycin biosynthesis
-
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose biosynthesis I
-
-
bacilysin biosynthesis
-
-
L-phenylalanine biosynthesis II
-
-
L-tyrosine biosynthesis II
-
-
L-tyrosine biosynthesis III
-
-
lanosterol biosynthesis
-
-
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
-
-
cannabinoid biosynthesis
-
-
alkane biosynthesis II
-
-
linoleate biosynthesis II (animals)
-
-
long chain fatty acid ester synthesis (engineered)
-
-
long-chain fatty acid activation
-
-
oleate biosynthesis I (plants)
-
-
palmitate biosynthesis II (bacteria and plant cytoplasm)
-
-
sporopollenin precursors biosynthesis
-
-
stearate biosynthesis II (bacteria and plants)
-
-
suberin monomers biosynthesis
-
-
wax esters biosynthesis II
-
-
ammonia assimilation cycle I
-
-
ammonia assimilation cycle II
-
-
L-glutamine biosynthesis I
-
-
nitrate reduction II (assimilatory)
-
-
nitrate reduction V (assimilatory)
-
-
nitrate reduction VI (assimilatory)
-
-
mycothiol biosynthesis
-
-
phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I
-
-
ergothioneine biosynthesis I (bacteria)
-
-
glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
homoglutathione biosynthesis
-
-
ophthalmate biosynthesis
-
-
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis I (meso-diaminopimelate containing)
-
-
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis II (lysine-containing)
-
-
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis III (meso-diaminopimelate containing)
-
-
vancomycin resistance II
-
-
anapleurotic synthesis of oxalacetate
-
-
Aflatoxin biosynthesis
-
-
jadomycin biosynthesis
-
-
NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
-
-
NADH to cytochrome bd oxidase electron transfer I
-
-
NADH to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer I
-
-
ammonia oxidation IV (autotrophic ammonia oxidizers)
-
-
formate to nitrite electron transfer
-
-
arsenite oxidation I (respiratory)
-
-
oleandomycin activation/inactivation
-
-
octane oxidation
-
-
bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway
-
-
bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway
-
-
catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
catecholamine biosynthesis
-
-
urea cycle
-
-
dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
dolichol and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis
-
-
cyanate degradation
-
-
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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-
brenda
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brenda
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myofibril
brenda
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-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
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-
brenda
-
brenda
AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer
brenda
-
no glucokinase transcript detected. Activity declines with both fasting and refeeding
brenda
tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
brenda
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-
brenda
AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer
brenda
-
brenda
esophagus, stomach, pyloric ceca, foregut, midgut, hindgut. AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer of all segments. No significant differences are obtained among the different segments evaluated
brenda
tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
brenda
-
cardiac ventricular myofibrils
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
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-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
postheparin
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney
brenda
-
activity in refed fish is higher than that of fed fish. Activity in refed fish is higher than that of fed fish
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
highest mRNA levels
brenda
-
increase in enzyme activity in presponse to feeding, during 4 h, then decrease to basal levels at 6 h. Fasting produces down-regulation of enzyme activity, concomitant with low levels of plasma insulin. Stimulation of enzyme activity by injection of insulin, especially stimulation of the proportion of enzyme in active conformation at the extracellular level
brenda
tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
brenda
tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
cortex and anterior brain, striatum and middle brain, posterior brain, low enzyme activity
brenda
-
cortex and anterior brain, striatum and middle brain, posterior brain
brenda
-
all regions of the brain except for the spinal cord and the optic nerve
brenda
low level of mRNA expression
brenda
-
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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glutamine synthetase activity is relatively low in all adult tissues examined, except brain
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primary hepatic amd gill epithelial cells
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-
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low enzyme activity
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unfertilized mature eggs
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unfertilized
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hatchling; transcript levels steadily increased from day 28 post-fertilization to hatch
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nucleated
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ATP release and nucleotidase activity determined in
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-
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high activity
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; induction of anemia causes 30-60fold increase in anaemic animals
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enzyme is stimulated in presence of 3 mg and 5 mg of Cd on the first day of experiment in gill, liver and kidney tissues. The stimulation effect of the 5 mg/l dose of Cd on G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities is significantly diminished after seven days. The G6PD enzyme activity levels are stimulated by approximately 60% in gills
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high enzyme activity
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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intermediate activity
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ATP release during coronary circulation measured
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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low activity
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AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer
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expression is altered by feeding conditions, especially in liver and hypothalamus where food deprivation decreases and refeeding increases expression. Activity in refed fish is higher than that of fed fish
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significant pretranslational up-regulation of acox1 expression in the anterior intestine after feeding
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crude intestine extract, mid-gut, 10-12 h after feeding
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high level of mRNA expression
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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enzyme activity of G6PD enzyme is significantly stimulated after three days in liver and kidney tissues at a dose of 1 mg/l Cdand is stimulated on the first day of experiment in gill, liver and kidney tissues at doses of 3 and 5 mg/l Cd. The stimulation effect of the 5 mg/l dose of Cd on G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities is significantly diminished after seven days. The G6PDenzyme activity levels are stimulated by approximately 67% in kidney
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Leydig cells and inter-renal cells of head kidney
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trunk
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activity significantly decreases with fasting
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high enzyme activity
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney. Arginase 1a is often higher than arginase 1b, with highest expression seen in the posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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low activity
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enzyme activity of G6PD enzyme is significantly stimulated after three days in liver and kidney tissues at a dose of 1 mg/l Cd and is stimulated on the first day of experiment in gill, liver and kidney tissues at doses of 3 and 5 mg/l Cd. The stimulation effect of the 5 mg/l dose of Cd on G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities is significantly diminished after seven days. The G6PDenzyme activity levels are stimulated by approximately 68% in liver
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673374, 391710, 686233, 725617, 389981, 396609, 439369, 395388, 395389, 659842, 703402, 285444, 746201 brenda
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thyronine 5'-deiodinase type I
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specific activity is 33fold lower than in testis
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activity significantly decreases with fasting. Activity in refed fish is higher than that of fed fish
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high level of mRNA expression
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highest enzyme level
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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the four genes coding for glutamine synthetase (Onmy-GS01, Onmy-GS02, Onmy-GS03 and Onmy-GS04) are expressed during early development, but only Onmy-GS01 and GS02 are expressed at appreciable levels in adult liver
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activity significantly decreases with fasting. Activity in refed fish is higher than that of fed fish
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AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer
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red, white and heart muscle
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red muscle
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red or white muscle, no stimulation of enzyme activity after injection of insulin
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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skeletal muscle
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low activity
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ovarian
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ovarian
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the enzyme catalyzes the first step in melatonin biosynthesis, melatonin biosynthesis follows a day and night rhythm, which is different in fasted, fed, and refed fish, overview
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AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer
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hepatoma cell line
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white skeletal muscle
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very low expression
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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expression of CMP-KDN synthetase is temporally correlated with development and parallels the developmental expression of (KDN)GM3 in sperm
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flagella isolated from
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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low activity
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-
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AANAT2 is expressed only in the muscular layer
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non-flagellated germ cells and sperm cells
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tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. intestine; 2. adipose tissue, spleen, blood, head kidney, scales and tail fin; 3. adipose fin, brain, heart, gonad, muscle and thymus; 4. skin; 5. gills and liver; 6. posterior kidney; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. intestine and tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, spleen, gills and scales; 4. adipose fin, skin, blood, posterior kidney, gonad, head kidney and thymus; 5. heart; 6. brain and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. liver; 2. tail fin; 3. adipose tissue, intestine, posterior kidney, head kidney, heart and skin; 4. blood, gonad, scales, gills, spleen, brain, thymus; 5. adipose fin and muscle; tissues grouped based on their expression as follows, from lowest to highest: 1. tail fin, intestine and scales; 2. adipose tissue, spleen and head kidney; 3. adipose fin and posterior kidney; 4. blood, muscle and thymus; 5. gills; 6. brain, skin, heart, gonad and liver
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additional information
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no enzymatic activity in any tissue other than liver and kidney
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additional information
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additional information
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no signal: brain, pituitary, gill, heart, liver, pyloric caeca, intestine, ovary, muscle, skin, blood
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additional information
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activities in intestine and erythrocytes are very low and probably not physiologically relevant. No activity in the heart
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additional information
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tissue distribution
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additional information
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tissue distribution of enzyme activity, overview
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additional information
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tissue distribution of soluble and membrane enzyme activity, overview
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additional information
no expression detected in heart, kidney and spleen
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additional information
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no expression detected in heart, kidney and spleen
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additional information
tissue distribution pattern
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additional information
unlike isoenzyme TCAb, isoenzyme TCAc lacks tissue specificity and may be expressed in the cytoplasm of all cells
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additional information
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no expression in white muscle
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