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Literature summary extracted from

  • Sutiono, S.; Satzinger, K.; Pick, A.; Carsten, J.; Sieber, V.
    To beat the heat - engineering of the most thermostable pyruvate decarboxylase to date (2019), RSC Adv., 9, 29743-29746.
    View publication on PubMed

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 synthesis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a key enzyme for the production of ethanol at high temperatures and for cell-free butanol synthesis Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 synthesis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a key enzyme for the production of ethanol at high temperatures and for cell-free butanol synthesis Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 synthesis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a key enzyme for the production of ethanol at high temperatures and for cell-free butanol synthesis Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 synthesis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a key enzyme for the production of ethanol at high temperatures and for cell-free butanol synthesis Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 synthesis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) is a key enzyme for the production of ethanol at high temperatures and for cell-free butanol synthesis Zymobacter palmae

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 additional information a thermostable, organic solvent stable PDC enzyme variant, PDC-Var. 2, is evolved from the bacterial PDC. The engineered variant shows about 1500fold improved half-life at 75°C and about 5000fold increased half-life in the presence of 9 vol% butanol at 50°C. half-lives of wild-type ApPDC are 57 min, 1.2 min and 10.8 s at 65, 70 and 75°C, respectively. Half-lives of mutant PDC-Var. 2 are 18, 10.7 and 7.3 h at 65, 70 and 75°C, respectively Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 additional information engineered enzyme 5TMA, a PDC expressed in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta, does not show any loss of molar ellipticity, measured by circular dichroism and is stable at 60°C, observed by DIC microscopy. But kinetic stability studies based on activity suggest otherwise: enzyme 5TMA is less stable than wild-type ZmPDC, the parental PDC, in respect to T50_1 h and Tm, at pH 6.5 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.1 additional information
-
 additional information kinetic enzyme analysis, the PDC shows typical substrate cooperativity typical for yeast PDCs Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 additional information
-
 additional information kinetic enzyme analysis, the PDC shows typical substrate cooperativity typical for yeast PDCs Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 additional information
-
 additional information enzyme ApPDC demonstrates high kinetic stability Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 0.8
-
 pyruvate pH and temperature not specified in the publication Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 1.3
-
 pyruvate pH and temperature not specified in the publication Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 1.9
-
 pyruvate pH and temperature not specified in the publication Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 9.1
-
 pyruvate pH and temperature not specified in the publication Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 11.6
-
 pyruvate pH and temperature not specified in the publication Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.1 Mg2+ required Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 Mg2+ required Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 Mg2+ required Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 Mg2+ required Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 Mg2+ required Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Nakaseomyces glabratus
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Acetobacter pasteurianus
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zymobacter palmae
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ZM4
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Nakaseomyces glabratus ATCC 2001
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ATCC 31821
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis CP4
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Nakaseomyces glabratus JCM 3761
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Nakaseomyces glabratus NBRC 0622
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Nakaseomyces glabratus NRRL Y-65
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate Zymobacter palmae DSM 10491
-
 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.1.1.1 Acetobacter pasteurianus Q8L388
-
-
4.1.1.1 Nakaseomyces glabratus Q6FJA3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Nakaseomyces glabratus ATCC 2001 Q6FJA3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138 Q6FJA3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Nakaseomyces glabratus JCM 3761 Q6FJA3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Nakaseomyces glabratus NBRC 0622 Q6FJA3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Nakaseomyces glabratus NRRL Y-65 Q6FJA3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii A0A1Q3AIQ3
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymobacter palmae Q8KTX6
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymobacter palmae DSM 10491 Q8KTX6
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis P06672
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ATCC 31821 P06672
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis CP4 P06672
-
-
4.1.1.1 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ZM4 P06672
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Acetobacter pasteurianus (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zymobacter palmae (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ZM4 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus ATCC 2001 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ATCC 31821 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis CP4 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus JCM 3761 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus NBRC 0622 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus NRRL Y-65 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?
4.1.1.1 2 pyruvate
-
 Zymobacter palmae DSM 10491 (S)-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 5TMA
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 ApPDC
-
 Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 CgPDC
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
 Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 PDC
-
 Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 PDC1
-
 Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 ZmPDC
-
 Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 ZpPDC
-
 Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 ZrPDC
-
 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 ZYGR_0AV01770
-
 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 42.9
-
 50% activity remaining after 1 h incubation Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 49.6
-
 50% activity remaining after 1 h incubation Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 50.5
-
 melting temperature of enzyme CgPDC Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 55.5
-
 melting temperature of enzyme CgPDC Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 61.2
-
 50% activity remaining after 1 h incubation Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 62.4
-
 50% activity remaining after 1 h incubation Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 64.9
-
 50% activity remaining after 1 h incubation Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 65
-
 melting temperature of enzyme ZpPDC Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 65 75 half-lives of wild-type ApPDC are 57 min, 1.2 min and 10.8 s at 65, 70 and 75°C, respectively. Half-lives of mutant PDC-Var. 2 are 18, 10.7 and 7.3 h at 65, 70 and 75°C, respectively Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 66.5
-
 melting temperature of enzyme ZmPDC Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 70
-
 melting temperature of enzyme ZmPDC Acetobacter pasteurianus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate required Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate required Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate required Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate required Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 thiamine diphosphate required Zymobacter palmae

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
4.1.1.1 metabolism pathway to produce ethanol and 1-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass via pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC): there are two major pathways for producing 1-butanol via pyruvate following the reaction of PDC, the CoA-dependent or the proline-dependent condensation, overview Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 metabolism pathway to produce ethanol and 1-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass via pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC): there are two major pathways for producing 1-butanol via pyruvate following the reaction of PDC, the CoA-dependent or the proline-dependent condensation, overview Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 metabolism pathway to produce ethanol and 1-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass via pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC): there are two major pathways for producing 1-butanol via pyruvate following the reaction of PDC, the CoA-dependent or the proline-dependent condensation, overview Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 metabolism pathway to produce ethanol and 1-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass via pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC): there are two major pathways for producing 1-butanol via pyruvate following the reaction of PDC, the CoA-dependent or the proline-dependent condensation, overview Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 metabolism pathway to produce ethanol and 1-butanol from lignocellulosic biomass via pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC): there are two major pathways for producing 1-butanol via pyruvate following the reaction of PDC, the CoA-dependent or the proline-dependent condensation, overview Zymobacter palmae
4.1.1.1 additional information besides acting as an important enzyme for ethanol production, PDC has also been applied in the in vitro production of n-butanol. Butanol together with other longer chain alcohols, such as 1-propanol, isobutanol and isopentanol, is regarded as the next-generation biofuel, due to its closer resemblance to traditional gasoline Nakaseomyces glabratus
4.1.1.1 additional information besides acting as an important enzyme for ethanol production, PDC has also been applied in the in vitro production of n-butanol. Butanol together with other longer chain alcohols, such as 1-propanol, isobutanol and isopentanol, is regarded as the next-generation biofuel, due to its closer resemblance to traditional gasoline Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
4.1.1.1 additional information besides acting as an important enzyme for ethanol production, PDC has also been applied in the in vitro production of n-butanol. Butanol together with other longer chain alcohols, such as 1-propanol, isobutanol and isopentanol, is regarded as the next-generation biofuel, due to its closer resemblance to traditional gasoline Acetobacter pasteurianus
4.1.1.1 additional information besides acting as an important enzyme for ethanol production, PDC has also been applied in the in vitro production of n-butanol. Butanol together with other longer chain alcohols, such as 1-propanol, isobutanol and isopentanol, is regarded as the next-generation biofuel, due to its closer resemblance to traditional gasoline Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis
4.1.1.1 additional information besides acting as an important enzyme for ethanol production, PDC has also been applied in the in vitro production of n-butanol. Butanol together with other longer chain alcohols, such as 1-propanol, isobutanol and isopentanol, is regarded as the next-generation biofuel, due to its closer resemblance to traditional gasoline Zymobacter palmae