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Literature summary extracted from

  • Zhang, M.; Puri, A.K.; Wang, Z.; Singh, S.; Permaul, K.
    A unique xylose reductase from Thermomyces lanuginosus effect of lignocellulosic substrates and inhibitors and applicability in lignocellulosic bioconversion (2019), Biores. Technol., 281, 374-381 .
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.431 gene XRTL, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, recombinant enzyme expression in Pichia pastoris strain GS115 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Y294 from the 19up-TEF1-XRTL-CYC-down-pAUR135 expression plasmid, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109. The recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with the XRTL gene shows 34% higher xylitol production compared to the control strain Thermomyces lanuginosus

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 additional information enzyme XRTL can therefore be used in a cell-free xylitol production process or as part of a pathway for utilization of xylose from lignocellulosic waste. Ferulic acid is an inhibitor of the lignocellulosic activity Thermomyces lanuginosus

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 acetic acid mixed inhibition Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 benzoic acid
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Ca2+ slight inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Cinnamic acid
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 coumaric acid
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Cu2+ strong inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 DTT slight inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 EDTA slight inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Fe2+ moderate inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 ferulic acid mixed inhibition Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 gallic acid
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Mg2+ slight inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Mn2+ slight inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Vanillin mixed inhibition Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 Zn2+ moderate inhibition at 2 mM Thermomyces lanuginosus

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 additional information
-
 additional information Michaelis-Menten kinetics Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 15.36
-
 D-xylose recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 39000
-
 about, recombinant enzyme, gel filtration Thermomyces lanuginosus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ Thermomyces lanuginosus
-
 xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+ Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP
-
 xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 xylitol + NADP+ Thermomyces lanuginosus
-
 D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 xylitol + NADP+ Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP
-
 D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 r

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.1.1.431 Thermomyces lanuginosus A0A455KZK8
-
-
1.1.1.431 Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP A0A455KZK8
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 glycoprotein three potential N-glycosylation sites are identified at positions 26, 142 and 168 of XRTL Thermomyces lanuginosus

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.1.1.431 recombinant enzyme from Pichia pastoris strain GS115 to homogeneity with an overall 13.77fold increase in specific activity, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration Thermomyces lanuginosus

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 78.06
-
 purified recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP xylitol + NADP+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 additional information the enzyme prefers NADPH as cofactor and shows broad substrate specificity, cf. EC 1.1.1.21. The enzyme is active with D-erythrose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-lyxose, D-allose, D-altrose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-gulose, D-idose, and D-galactose. o activity with D-talose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose, and xylobiose Thermomyces lanuginosus ?
-
-
1.1.1.431 additional information the enzyme prefers NADPH as cofactor and shows broad substrate specificity, cf. EC 1.1.1.21. The enzyme is active with D-erythrose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-lyxose, D-allose, D-altrose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-gulose, D-idose, and D-galactose. o activity with D-talose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose, and xylobiose Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP ?
-
-
1.1.1.431 xylitol + NAD+ low activity with NAD(H) Thermomyces lanuginosus D-xylose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 xylitol + NAD+ low activity with NAD(H) Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP D-xylose + NADH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 xylitol + NADP+
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 r
1.1.1.431 xylitol + NADP+
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP D-xylose + NADPH + H+
-
 r

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 monomer x * 39200, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, x * 36740, sequence calculation Thermomyces lanuginosus

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 XRTL
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 xylose reductase
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 50
-
 recombinant enzyme Thermomyces lanuginosus

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 30 70 recombinant enzyme, activity range Thermomyces lanuginosus

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 additional information
-
 standard first-order enzyme deactivation kinetics Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 40 60 the purified recombinant enzyme XRTL is extremely stable at 40°C and 50°C retaining 100% and 94.2% activity, respectively, after 120 min. The enzyme retains 24% activity at 60°C for 45 min, while the activity is completely lost at 70°C after 45 min. Half-lives (t1/2) of purified XRTL at 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C are 1386 min, 49.86 min, and 14.53 min, respectively Thermomyces lanuginosus

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 194.3
-
 D-xylose recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 6.5
-
 recombinant enzyme Thermomyces lanuginosus

pH Range

EC Number pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 4 9 recombinant enzyme, activity range Thermomyces lanuginosus

pH Stability

EC Number pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
1.1.1.431 5 9 the purified recombinant enzyme exhibits remarkable stability at pH 6 and pH 7. It retains 58.7%, 73.76%, and 45.95% activity after 30 min at pH 5.0, pH 8.0, and pH 9.0, respectively. The activity at pH 5.0 and pH 8.0 declines to 27% and 54%, respectively, after an incubation of 60 min Thermomyces lanuginosus

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 NADP+
-
 Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 NADPH the enzyme prefers NADPH as cofactor Thermomyces lanuginosus

Ki Value [mM]

EC Number Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 additional information
-
 additional information inhibition kinetics Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 0.015
-
 ferulic acid recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 0.042
-
 Vanillin recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus
1.1.1.431 3.75
-
 acetic acid recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus

IC50 Value

EC Number IC50 Value IC50 Value Maximum Comment Organism Inhibitor Structure
1.1.1.431 0.055
-
 recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus ferulic acid
1.1.1.431 0.149
-
 recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus Vanillin
1.1.1.431 3.61
-
 recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus coumaric acid
1.1.1.431 8.15
-
 recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus Cinnamic acid
1.1.1.431 8.79
-
 recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus benzoic acid
1.1.1.431 12.27
-
 recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus gallic acid

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.1.1.431 12.65
-
 D-xylose recombinant enzyme, pH 6.5, 50°C Thermomyces lanuginosus