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Literature summary extracted from

  • Funk, M.A.; Judd, E.T.; Marsh, E.N.; Elliott, S.J.; Drennan, C.L.
    Structures of benzylsuccinate synthase elucidate roles of accessory subunits in glycyl radical enzyme activation and activity (2014), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 10161-10166 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
4.1.99.11 recombinant enzyme expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Thauera aromatica

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
4.1.99.11 Fe2+ one [4Fe4S]-cluster is located in the small subunit beta Thauera aromatica

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.1.99.11 toluene + fumarate Thauera aromatica
-
benzylsuccinate
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.1.99.11 Thauera aromatica O87943 AND O87944 AND O87942 alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunit
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
4.1.99.11 recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Thauera aromatica

Reaction

EC Number Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
4.1.99.11 benzylsuccinate = toluene + fumarate benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS) catalyzes the formation of a C-C bond between toluene and fumarate by a radical mechanism, overview. An enzyme-bound glycyl radical cofactor transiently forms a catalytically essential enzyme-bound thiyl (Cys) radical Thauera aromatica

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.1.99.11 toluene + fumarate
-
Thauera aromatica benzylsuccinate
-
?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
4.1.99.11 heterotrimer 1 * 100000 + 1 * 8500 + 1 * 6500, the enzyme consists of three subunits encoded by three different genes and of very different sizes: the large subunit of circa 100 kDa contains the glycyl radical in the active site and carries out the catalysis Thauera aromatica
4.1.99.11 More analysis of BSSalpha-BSSgamma subunit interactions and of BSSalpha-BSSbeta subunit interactions, detailed overview Thauera aromatica

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.1.99.11 BSS
-
Thauera aromatica

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
4.1.99.11 glycyl radical an enzyme-bound glycyl radical cofactor transiently forms a catalytically essential enzyme-bound thiyl (Cys) radical Thauera aromatica
4.1.99.11 additional information the BSS small subunits resemble high potential iron-sulfur proteins Thauera aromatica
4.1.99.11 [4Fe-4S] cluster a [4Fe4S]-cluster is located in the small subunit beta, while there is no bound [4Fe-4S] cluster observable in the electron density of subunit BSSgamma Thauera aromatica

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
4.1.99.11 evolution enzyme BSS is a member of the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family Thauera aromatica
4.1.99.11 additional information subunit BSSalpha adopts a conserved Gly radical enzyme fold. The beta subunit BSSbeta adopts a fold similar to that of a high potential iron-sulfur protein HiPIP. Subunit gamma, BSSgamma, is only 19% identical to BSSbeta, but they share the basic HiPIP fold along with the extended beta-sheet and hairpin loop. Analysis of BSSalpha-BSSgamma subunit interactions and of BSSalpha-BSSbeta subunit interactions, global structural changes in the BSSalpha-BSSgamma complex, influence of BSSbeta on the structure and flexibility of BSSalpha, overview Thauera aromatica
4.1.99.11 physiological function benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS) catalyzes the first step in anaerobic toluene degradation, the generation of (R)-benzylsuccinate from toluene and fumarate. This unusual reaction is thought to proceed through radical mediated C-C bond formation, with the radical source being an enzyme-bound glycyl radical cofactor that transiently forms a catalytically essential enzyme-bound thiyl (Cys) radical Thauera aromatica