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Literature summary extracted from

  • Ruan, J.X.; Li, J.X.; Fang, X.; Wang, L.J.; Hu, W.L.; Chen, X.Y.; Yang, C.Q.
    Isolation and characterization of three new monoterpene synthases from Artemisia annua (2016), Front. Plant Sci., 7, 638 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
4.2.3.15 gene TPS2, cloning from a cDNA library, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme without after removing the N-terminal plastid targeting sequence in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 cloning from a cDNA library, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme without after removing the N-terminal plastid targeting sequence in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 AaTPS5, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme, lacking the N-terminal signal peptide, in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 AaTPS5, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme, lacking the N-terminal signal peptide, in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
4.2.3.15 additional information the N-terminal signal peptide of AaTPS2 (46 amino acid residues) before RR motif is truncated and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 additional information the N-terminal signal peptide of AaTPS6 (46 amino acid residues) before RR motif is truncated and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 additional information the N-terminal signal peptide of AaTPS5 (57 amino acid residues) before RR motif is truncated and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 additional information the N-terminal signal peptide of AaTPS5 (57 amino acid residues) before RR motif is truncated and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Artemisia annua

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.2.3.15 additional information
-
additional information Michaelis-Menten kinetics Artemisia annua
4.2.3.15 0.00825
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 additional information
-
additional information Michaelis-Menten kinetics Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 0.0177
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 0.01974
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 0.01974
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
4.2.3.108 amyloplast
-
Artemisia annua 9501
-
4.2.3.108 chloroplast
-
Artemisia annua 9507
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
4.2.3.15 Mg2+ required, Mg2+ is the highly preferred divalent cation Artemisia annua
4.2.3.15 Mn2+ low activity Artemisia annua
4.2.3.15 additional information although both Mg2+ and Mn2+ are able to support the catalytic activity of enzyme AaTPS2, an altered product spectrum is observed in the presence of Mn2+ for AaTPS2 Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 Mg2+ required Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 Mn2+ activates Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 additional information the enzyme depends on the presence of divalent cations, Mg2+ is the preferred metal ion Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 Mg2+ required, Mg2+ is the preferred divalent cation Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 Mn2+ low activity Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 Mg2+ required, Mg2+ is the preferred divalent cation Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 Mn2+ low activity Artemisia annua

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4.2.3.15 geranyl diphosphate Artemisia annua
-
beta-myrcene + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.108 geranyl diphosphate + H2O Artemisia annua
-
1,8-cineole + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.116 geranyl diphosphate Artemisia annua stereochemistry is not specified in the publication camphene + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.117 geranyl diphosphate Artemisia annua stereochemistry is not specified in the publication camphene + diphosphate
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
4.2.3.15 Artemisia annua A0A068L9J0
-
-
4.2.3.108 Artemisia annua A0A068L889
-
-
4.2.3.116 Artemisia annua A0A068L7N8
-
-
4.2.3.117 Artemisia annua A0A068L7N8 cf. EC 4.2.3.116
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
4.2.3.15 recombinant His-tagged enzyme without N-terminal signal peptide from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 recombinant His-tagged enzyme without N-terminal signal peptide from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 recombinant His-tagged enzyme without N-terminal signal peptide from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography Artemisia annua

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
4.2.3.15 leaf
-
Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.15 additional information quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis in plants tissues. AaTPS2 exhibits the highest expression level in stem, and low expression in the other tissues Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.15 root
-
Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.15 stem highest expression level of AaTPS2 Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.15 trichome glandular Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.108 inflorescence
-
Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.108 leaf high enzyme expression level in young leaves Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.108 additional information quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis in plants tissues, AaTPS6 is highly expressed in root and young leaves. All the monoterpene synthase genes show higher expression levels in young leaf than in mature leaf, consistent with the contents of monoterpenes Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.108 root highest enzyme expression level Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.108 stem
-
Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.116 inflorescence low enzyme content Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.116 leaf transcript of AaTPS5 is more abundant in young leaves compared to immature leaves, no enzyme in mature leaves Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.116 root low to moderate enzyme content Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.116 stem low enzyme content Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.116 trichome glandular Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.117 inflorescence low enzyme content Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.117 leaf transcriptof AaTPS5 is more abundant in young leaves compared to immature leaves, no enzyme in mature leaves Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.117 root low to moderate enzyme content Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.117 stem low enzyme content Artemisia annua
-
4.2.3.117 trichome glandular Artemisia annua
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4.2.3.15 geranyl diphosphate
-
Artemisia annua beta-myrcene + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.15 additional information GC-MS analysis and identification of products from enzyme catalysis. Enzyme AaTPS2 produces a single product, beta-myrcene. No activity with farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate Artemisia annua ?
-
?
4.2.3.108 geranyl diphosphate + H2O
-
Artemisia annua 1,8-cineole + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.108 additional information enzyme AaTPS6 produces multiple products with 1,8-cineole as major product (59.28% of total),in addition to ten other products including sabinene and beta-phellandrene (together 19.04%), alpha-terpineol (7.84%), trans-sabinene hydrate(4.03%), (-)-alpha-pinene (3.00%), cis-beta-terpineol (2.51%), beta-myrcene (2.01%), alpha-thujene (0.69%), as well as two unidentified minor products. No activity with farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate Artemisia annua ?
-
?
4.2.3.116 geranyl diphosphate stereochemistry is not specified in the publication Artemisia annua camphene + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.116 additional information GC-MS analysis and identification of products from enzyme catalysis, overview. Enzyme AaTPS5 catalyzes the production of five monoterpenes, of which camphene is the major one which accounts for 52.12% of the total, and (-)-alpha-pinene (30.08%), (-)-beta-pinene (3.89%), tricyclene (2.68%), and beta-myrcene (1.23%) are the less abundant products Artemisia annua ?
-
?
4.2.3.117 geranyl diphosphate stereochemistry is not specified in the publication Artemisia annua camphene + diphosphate
-
?
4.2.3.117 additional information GC-MS analysis and identification of products from enzyme catalysis, overview. Enzyme AaTPS5 catalyzes the production of five monoterpenes, of which camphene is the major one which accounts for 52.12% of the total, and (-)-alpha-pinene (30.08%), (-)-beta-pinene (3.89%), tricyclene (2.68%), and beta-myrcene (1.23%) are the less abundant products Artemisia annua ?
-
?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
4.2.3.15 AaTPS2
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.15 TPS2
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 AaTPS6
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 TPS6
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 AaTPS5
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 More cf. EC 4.2.3.117 Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 AaTPS5
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 More cf. EC 4.2.3.116 Artemisia annua

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.2.3.15 35
-
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 40
-
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 35
-
-
Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 35
-
-
Artemisia annua

Temperature Range [°C]

EC Number Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
4.2.3.108 25 45 the recombinant enzyme AaTPS6 activity does not differ greatly at the range from 25°C to 40°C, it reaches peak at 25°C, has its maximal activity at 40°C, and retains 70% at 45°C, activity drops sharply above 40°C Artemisia annua

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.2.3.15 0.52
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 4.46
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 1.49
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 1.49
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
4.2.3.15 7
-
assay at Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 7
-
assay at Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 7
-
assay at Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 7
-
assay at Artemisia annua

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
4.2.3.15 Artemisia annua AaTPS2 is upregulated after mechanical wounding, but treatments with phytohormones (salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellin) does not affect the expression of AaTPS2 up
4.2.3.108 Artemisia annua mechanical wounding induces the expression of all three monoterpene synthase genes, including TPS6, and transcript levels of AaTPS6 are also strongly elevated after treatments with phytohormones, induction by methyl jasmonate (8fold), salicylic acid (4fold), and gibberellin (12fold), suggesting a role of the monoterpene synthase in plant-environment interactions up
4.2.3.116 Artemisia annua AaTPS5 is upregulated after mechanical wounding and by treatment with 5 mM salicylic acid, 50 mM methyl jasmonate, or 100 mM gibberellin up
4.2.3.117 Artemisia annua AaTPS5 is upregulated after mechanical wounding and by treatment with 5 mM salicylic acid, 50 mM methyl jasmonate, or 100 mM gibberellin up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
4.2.3.15 evolution the enzyme AaTPS2 belongs to the TPS superfamily, subclade TPS-b Artemisia annua
4.2.3.15 metabolism in Artemisia annua, three monoterpene synthases AaTPS2, AaTPS5, and AaTPS6, produce beta-myrcene, camphene, and 1,8-cineole as the major products, respectively, analysis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes produced by Artemisia annua plants, overview Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 evolution enzyme AaTPS6 belongs to the terpene synthases family, TPS-b subfamily Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 metabolism in Artemisia annua, three monoterpene synthases AaTPS2, AaTPS5, and AaTPS6, produce beta-myrcene, camphene, and 1,8-cineole as the major products, respectively Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 physiological function the monoterpene synthase TPS6 might play a role in plant-environment interactions Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 evolution the enzyme TPS5 belongs to the TPS superfamily, subclade TPS-b Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 additional information analysis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes produced by Artemisia annua plants, overview Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 evolution the enzyme TPS5 belongs to the TPS superfamily, subclade TPS-b Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 additional information analysis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes produced by Artemisia annua plants, overview Artemisia annua

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.2.3.15 63.03
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.108 252
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.116 75.5
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua
4.2.3.117 75.5
-
geranyl diphosphate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Artemisia annua