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Literature summary extracted from

  • Peters, V.; Klessens, C.Q.; Baelde, H.J.; Singler, B.; Veraar, K.A.; Zutinic, A.; Drozak, J.; Zschocke, J.; Schmitt, C.P.; de Heer, E.
    Intrinsic carnosine metabolism in the human kidney (2015), Amino Acids, 47, 2541-2550 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
6.3.2.11 Mg2+ required Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
6.3.2.11 ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine Homo sapiens
-
 ADP + phosphate + carnosine
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
6.3.2.11 Homo sapiens A5YM72
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
6.3.2.11 brain
-
 Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 cell culture primary kidney cells Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 heart
-
 Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 HK-2 cell
-
 Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 HUVEC cell
-
 Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 kidney primarily in proximal tubules, CARNS is expressed in glomeruli and tubular cells, close to the apical membrane Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 additional information carnosine-synthesizing and carnosine-hydrolyzing enzymes are localized in distinct compartments in the nephron, enzyme localization study, overview Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 podocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-
6.3.2.11 skeletal muscle
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
6.3.2.11 ATP + L-histidine + beta-alanine
-
 Homo sapiens ADP + phosphate + carnosine
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
6.3.2.11 ATPGD1
-
 Homo sapiens
6.3.2.11 carnosine synthase
-
 Homo sapiens
6.3.2.11 CARNS
-
 Homo sapiens
6.3.2.11 CRNS1
-
 Homo sapiens

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
6.3.2.11 ATP
-
 Homo sapiens

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
6.3.2.11 physiological function histidine-containing dipeptides like carnosine and anserine have protective functions in both health and disease. Carnosine is synthesized by the enzyme carnosine synthase (CARNS), which is present in skeletal and heart muscle, as well as in certain regions in the brain and kidney Homo sapiens