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Literature summary extracted from
- Glucose oxidase facilitates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of embryonic stem cells through the activation of Nrf2 and ERK signal transduction pathways (2016), Mol. Cell. Biochem., 419, 157-163 .
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.3.4 | beta-D-glucose + O2 | Aspergillus niger | - |
D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2 | - |
? |  |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.3.4 | Aspergillus niger | P13006 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.3.4 | commercial preparation | - |
Aspergillus niger | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.3.4 | beta-D-glucose + O2 | - |
Aspergillus niger | D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2 | - |
? | |
Cofactor
| EC Number | Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.3.4 | FAD | - |
Aspergillus niger | |
General Information
| EC Number | General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1.3.4 | physiological function | glucose oxidase facilitates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of embryonic stem cells through the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, Nrf2, and ERK signal transduction pathways. Glucose oxidase treatment at relatively low concentrations does not change the viability of embryonic stem cells, whereas it enhances osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in the cells. The enzyme induces heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2 expression via production of H2O2. Glucose oxidase-mediated acceleration of Runx2 expression and mineralization is inhibited either by Nrf2 knockdown or by treating with 5 lM PD98059, an inhibitor of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). The glucose oxidase-stimulated mineralization is also suppressed by treating the cells with reduced glutathione or catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase or N-acetylcysteine. Viability of the stem cells is not changed by treatment with glucose oxidase within the ranges from 1-10 mU/ml, while it is reduced significantly by adding 20 mU/ml glucose oxidase into the cultures | Aspergillus niger |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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