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Literature summary extracted from

  • Heider, S.A.; Peters-Wendisch, P.; Beekwilder, J.; Wendisch, V.F.
    IdsA is the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase involved in carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2014), FEBS J., 281, 4906-4920.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.29 additional information no effect by Triton X-100 and Tween-20 Corynebacterium glutamicum

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
2.5.1.29 synthesis enzyme IdsA is a target for metabolic engineering of carotenoid production in Corynebacterium glutamicum Corynebacterium glutamicum

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.5.1.29 gene crtE, recombinant overexpression of N-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), overexpression in gene idsA-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum cells Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 gene idsA, recombinant overexpression of N-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) Corynebacterium glutamicum

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
2.5.1.29 additional information combined overexpression of idsA and the IPP isomerase gene idi in the absence of crtE leads to a very high decaprenoxanthin titer Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 additional information generation of gene idsA-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum cells. Combined overexpression of idsA and the IPP isomerase gene idi in the absence of crtE leads to a very high decaprenoxanthin titer Corynebacterium glutamicum

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.29 K+ inhibitory at 50-400 mM Corynebacterium glutamicum

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.1 0.008
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 0.008
-
 dimethylallyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 0.008
-
 geranyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 0.02
-
 farnesyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.005
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.006
-
 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.008
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.02
-
 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.1 Mg2+ required for activity Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 Mg2+ required as cofactors Corynebacterium glutamicum

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.5.1.1 39600
-
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 158000
-
 gel filtration Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 39600
-
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 41800
-
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 84000
-
 recombinant His-tagged enzyme, gel filtration Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 158000
-
 recombinant His-tagged enzyme, gel filtration Corynebacterium glutamicum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.5.1.1 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum highest catalytic efficiency diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.1 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 highest catalytic efficiency diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.1 diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.1 diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
-
 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.29 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
 diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.5.1.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
-
-
2.5.1.1 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
-
-
-
2.5.1.29 Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
-
-
2.5.1.29 Corynebacterium glutamicum
-
 gene crtE
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.5.1.29 recombinant N-terminally His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration to homogeneity Corynebacterium glutamicum

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.5.1.1 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate highest catalytic efficiency Corynebacterium glutamicum diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.1 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate highest catalytic efficiency Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.1 diphosphate + farnesyl diphosphate
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum ?
-
 r
2.5.1.1 diphosphate + farnesyl diphosphate
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ?
-
 r
2.5.1.1 diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.1 diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
-
 r
2.5.1.29 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
 ?
2.5.1.29 additional information the enzyme also shows the activity of EC 2.5.1.1 and EC 2.5.1.10, with substrate dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, respectively. IdsA shows the highest catalytic efficiency with dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum ?
-
 ?
2.5.1.29 additional information the enzyme also shows the activity of EC 2.5.1.1 and EC 2.5.1.10, with substrate dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, respectively. The catalytic efficiency of CrtE is highest with geranyl diphosphate and IPP Corynebacterium glutamicum ?
-
 ?
2.5.1.29 additional information the enzyme also shows the activity of EC 2.5.1.1 and EC 2.5.1.10, with substrate dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, respectively. IdsA shows the highest catalytic efficiency with dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ?
-
 ?
2.5.1.29 additional information the enzyme also shows the activity of EC 2.5.1.1 and EC 2.5.1.10, with substrate dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, respectively. The catalytic efficiency of CrtE is highest with geranyl diphosphate and IPP Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 ?
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.5.1.1 homotetramer 4 * 39600, SDS-PAGE Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 homodimer 2 * 41800, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 homotetramer 4 * 39600, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Corynebacterium glutamicum

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.5.1.1 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 GPP (C5) synthase
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 IdsA
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 CrtE
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 GGPP synthase
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 IdsA
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.5.1.1 30 35
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 25
-
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 30 35
-
 Corynebacterium glutamicum

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.5.1.1 40
-
 the enzyme is stable at temperature below 50°C, while after 1 h at 40°C, the enzyme activity is reduced by about 80% Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 40
-
 temperatures of 40°C and higher lead to a complete loss of activity for CrtE Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 40
-
 temperatures of 40°C and higher lead to a loss of 80% of activity for IdsA Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 50
-
 temperatures of 40°C and higher lead to a complete loss of activity for IdsA Corynebacterium glutamicum

Turnover Number [1/s]

EC Number Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.1 0.1
-
 geranyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 0.4
-
 farnesyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 1.1
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 1.1
-
 dimethylallyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.02
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.1
-
 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 0.4
-
 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 1.1
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.5.1.29 7.5
-
 assay at Corynebacterium glutamicum

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.5.1.29 evolution phylogenetic analysis of characterized and putative prenyltransferases, overview Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 malfunction crtE overexpression compensates for the lack of IdsA, whereas plasmid-borne overexpression of ispB does not Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 metabolism both Corynebacterium glutamicum enzymes, IdsA and CrtE, catalyze prenyl transfer with isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), dimethylallyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate and farnesyl phosphate as substrates. The enzymes are part of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, but CrtE is not required for carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. IdsA shows the highest catalytic efficiency with dimethylallyl diphosphate and IPP, whereas the catalytic efficiency of CrtE is highest with geranyl diphosphate and IPP Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 physiological function IdsA is the major GGPPS of Corynebacterium glutamicum Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 physiological function IdsA is the major GGPPS of Corynebacterium glutamicum. CrtE overexpression compensates for the lack of IdsA, whereas plasmid-borne overexpression of ispB does not Corynebacterium glutamicum

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
2.5.1.1 9
-
 geranyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 34
-
 farnesyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 140
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.1 140
-
 dimethylallyl diphosphate at pH 7.5 and 30°C Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 3
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 11
-
 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 34
-
 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum
2.5.1.29 140
-
 isopentenyl diphosphate pH 7.5, 30°C, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Corynebacterium glutamicum