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Literature summary extracted from

  • Humphreys, G.B.; Jud, M.C.; Monroe, K.M.; Kimball, S.S.; Higley, M.; Shipley, D.; Vrablik, M.C.; Bates, K.L.; Letsou, A.
    Mummy, A UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, modulates DPP signaling in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila (2013), Dev. Biol., 381, 434-445.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.7.7.23 gene mmy, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis Drosophila melanogaster

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.7.7.23 UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate Drosophila melanogaster
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 diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
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 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.7.7.23 Drosophila melanogaster
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-
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2.7.7.23 Drosophila melanogaster Q9Y0Z0
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-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.7.7.23 embryo expression early in embryogenesis, expression occurs ubiquitously and uniformly in the cellular blastoderm and accumulates in the developing mesoderm, gut primordia, and trachea Drosophila melanogaster
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2.7.7.23 embryo temporal profile of mmy transcription in early embryogenesis, overview Drosophila melanogaster
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2.7.7.23 epidermal cell
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 Drosophila melanogaster
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.7.7.23 UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate
-
 Drosophila melanogaster diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.7.7.23 Mmy
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 Drosophila melanogaster
2.7.7.23 mummy
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 Drosophila melanogaster
2.7.7.23 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase
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 Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.7.7.23 evolution organization andexpression of the mmy gene in Drosophila species, overview Drosophila melanogaster
2.7.7.23 malfunction independently-derived mmy mutants exhibit a variety of highly penetrant phenotypes, ranging from cuticle defects associated with a failure to synthesize chitin to cuticle defects associated with well-characterized Dpp-dependent closure abnormalities (dorsal closure and head involution). In particular, the mmy-associated cuticle defects are identical to those resulting from loss-of-function mutations in raw and anterior-open Drosophila melanogaster
2.7.7.23 metabolism the mmy-encoded N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase impacts multiple Drosophila developmental events via the action of several different downstream transferases, some of which modify proteins and lipids with GlcNAc Drosophila melanogaster
2.7.7.23 physiological function the mmy gene product isoform RA is an orthologue of the yeast N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase QRI1. In Drosophila melanogaster, mmy mutants exhibit a variety of highly penetrant phenotypes, ranging from cuticle defects associated with a failure to synthesize chitin to cuticle defects associated with well-characterized decapentaplegic-dependent closure abnormalities. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase activity is required to spatially limit decapentaplegic, the Drosophila melanogaster BMP homolog, activity in a JNK/AP-1-independent fashion Drosophila melanogaster
2.7.7.23 physiological function the JNK/AP-1 signaling cascade transcriptionally activates BMP signaling in leading edge epidermal cells, while the mummy (mmy) gene product is required for dorsal closure, and functions as a BMP signaling antagonist. The evolutionarily conserved JNK/AP-1 (Jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein 1) and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling cascades are deployed hierarchically to regulate dorsal closure in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The mmy gene product is a type of epidermal BMP regulator that transforms a BMP ligand from a long to a short range signal. Gene mmy codes for the single UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase in Drosophila, and its requirement for attenuating epidermal BMP signaling during dorsal closure points to another role for glycosylation in defining a highly restricted BMP activity field in the fly. In addition to being the building block of chitin, UDP-GlcNAc is an essential precursor for the synthesis of heparin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, the former having been shown to play an essential role in modulating the effects of Dpp/BMP, Wingless (Wg)/WNT, and Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen signaling in Drosophila and other eukaryotes, usually as a facilitator of long-range signaling. Crucial role for Mmy in regulating embryonic Dpp signaling. Mmy modulation of Dpp signaling is Dpp-dependent and AP-1-independent Drosophila melanogaster