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Literature summary extracted from

  • Zhang, X.; Yan Zhu, K.
    Biochemical characterization of chitin synthase activity and inhibition in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (2013), Insect Sci., 20, 158-166.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.16 N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine stimulates CHS activity at 2.5 mM but inhibits enzyme activity at higher concentrations Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
Anopheles gambiae

General Stability

EC Number General Stability Organism
2.4.1.16 dithithreitol is required to prevent melanization of the enzyme extract Anopheles gambiae

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.16 Diflubenzuron slight in vitro inhibition Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 Mg2+ low concentration of Mg2+ at 1.0-4.0 mmol/l significantly increase CHS activity, whereas 10.0 mmol/l or higher significantly inhibit CHS enzyme activity Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 additional information no in vitro inhibition by polyoxin D. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by the chemicals is not due to direct inhibition of chitin synthase in Anopheles gambiae Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 nikkomycin Z slight in vitro inhibition Anopheles gambiae

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
2.4.1.16 intracellular
-
Anopheles gambiae 5622
-
2.4.1.16 membrane transmembrane protein, the insect chitin synthase contains multiple transmembrane helices reflecting their association with either the plasma membrane or intracellular vesicles such as chitosomes Anopheles gambiae 16020
-
2.4.1.16 plasma membrane
-
Anopheles gambiae 5886
-
2.4.1.16 vesicle
-
Anopheles gambiae 31982
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.4.1.16 Mg2+ low concentration of Mg2+ at 1.0-4.0 mmol/l significantly increase CHS activity, whereas 10.0 mmol/l or higher significantly inhibit CHS enzyme activity Anopheles gambiae

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.16 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n Anopheles gambiae
-
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.4.1.16 Anopheles gambiae
-
two CHS genes, AgCHS1 and AgCHS2
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
2.4.1.16 proteolytic modification proteolytic activation of CHS activity Anopheles gambiae

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
2.4.1.16 pupa both two CHS genes, AgCHS1 and AgCHS2, are highly expressed in the pupal stage Anopheles gambiae
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.4.1.16 additional information method optimzation to assay chitin synthase activity, overview Anopheles gambiae ?
-
?
2.4.1.16 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
-
Anopheles gambiae UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.4.1.16 CHS
-
Anopheles gambiae

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.4.1.16 37 44
-
Anopheles gambiae

Temperature Stability [°C]

EC Number Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
2.4.1.16 37
-
cell-free enzyme extract, pH 7.5, stable for over 60 min Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 95
-
cell-free enzyme extract, pH 7.5, 10 min, inactivation Anopheles gambiae

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.4.1.16 6.5 7
-
Anopheles gambiae

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.4.1.16 evolution the enzyme belongs to the family of beta-glycosyltransferases Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 metabolism chitin production in arthropods is a complicated process and a series of biochemical pathways are involved in individual chitin polymer biosynthesis in which the terminal step is catalyzed by chitin synthase Anopheles gambiae
2.4.1.16 physiological function CHS catalyzes the transfer of sugar moieties from activated sugar donors to specific acceptors in all chitin-containing organisms Anopheles gambiae