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Literature summary extracted from

  • Nino, C.A.; Prucca, C.G.; Chaparro, J.; Lujan, H.D.; Wasserman, M.
    The ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) of the early-branching eukaryote Giardia intestinalis shows unusual proteolytic modifications and play important roles during encystation (2012), Acta Trop., 123, 39-46.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
6.2.1.45 overexpression of N-terminally or C-terminally HA-tagged enzyme in Giardia intestinalis trophozoites Giardia duodenalis

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 additional information RNA antisense silencing of Giardia E1. Overexpression of E1 greatly increases the encystation rate Giardia duodenalis

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
6.2.1.45 cytoplasm the enzyme localizes at spots within the cytoplasm, this pattern changes during encystation into a diffuse localization throughout the cytoplasm of encysting cells. E1 localizes in mature cysts at cytoplasmic spots and in the cyst wall Giardia duodenalis 5737
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
6.2.1.45 Mg2+ required Giardia duodenalis

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 47000
-
 1 * 68000 + 1 * 47000, the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis
6.2.1.45 68000
-
 1 * 68000 + 1 * 47000, the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis
6.2.1.45 114000
-
 complete E1 protein, native PAGE Giardia duodenalis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
6.2.1.45 ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine Giardia duodenalis
-
 AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?
6.2.1.45 ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine Giardia duodenalis ATCC 50803
-
 AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
6.2.1.45 Giardia duodenalis A8BBP6
-
-
6.2.1.45 Giardia duodenalis ATCC 50803 A8BBP6
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 proteolytic modification the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
6.2.1.45 cyst the enzyme localizes at spots within the cytoplasm. This pattern changes during encystation into a diffuse localization throughout the cytoplasm of encysting cells. E1 localizes in mature cysts at cytoplasmic spots and in the cyst wall Giardia duodenalis
-
6.2.1.45 additional information the enzyme expression (both at mRNA and protein levels) is regulated during encystation Giardia duodenalis
-
6.2.1.45 trophozoite E1 localizes in the trophozoites in a precise pattern bound to small granules or vesicles Giardia duodenalis
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
6.2.1.45 ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 Giardia duodenalis AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?
6.2.1.45 ATP + ubiquitin + [E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 Giardia duodenalis ATCC 50803 AMP + diphosphate + S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 dimer 1 * 68000 + 1 * 47000, the enzyme is proteolytically processed mainly into two fragments of 68 kDa (N-terminal) and 47 kDa (C-terminal) Giardia duodenalis

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 E1
-
 Giardia duodenalis
6.2.1.45 Ubiquitin-activating enzyme
-
 Giardia duodenalis
6.2.1.45 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme
-
 Giardia duodenalis

Temperature Optimum [°C]

EC Number Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 25
-
 assay at Giardia duodenalis

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 7.5
-
 assay at Giardia duodenalis

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
6.2.1.45 ATP
-
 Giardia duodenalis

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
6.2.1.45 Giardia duodenalis the enzyme expression (both at mRNA and protein levels) is regulated during encystation additional information

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
6.2.1.45 malfunction lethality of RNA antisense silencing of Giardia E1 Giardia duodenalis
6.2.1.45 physiological function enzyme E1 is an essential gene for parasite viability and is implicated in encystation.Enzyme overexpression greatly increases the encystation rate, indicating a relationship between E1 and Giardia differentiation Giardia duodenalis