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Literature summary extracted from

  • Melo, P.M.; Silva, L.S.; Ribeiro, I.; Seabra, A.R.; Carvalho, H.G.
    Glutamine synthetase is a molecular target of nitric oxide in root nodules of Medicago truncatula and is regulated by tyrosine nitration (2011), Plant Physiol., 157, 1505-1517.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
6.3.1.2 expression of isozyme MtGS1a in Escherichia coli Medicago truncatula

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
6.3.1.2 Y167F site-directed mutagenesis of isozyme MtGS1a reduces the inhibition by tetranitromethane Medicago truncatula

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
6.3.1.2 H2O2 inhibits isozyme MtGS2a Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 iodoacetamide inhibits isozyme MtGS1a Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 additional information no inhibition by H2O2 and S-nitrosoglutathione, epicatechin is able to protect isozyme MtGS1a from inactivation; no inhibition by iodoacetamide, epicatechin is not able to protect isozyme MtGS2a from inactivation Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 N-Acetylimidazole inhibition of isozyme MtGS1a; slight inhibition of isozyme MtGS2a Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 peroxynitrite inhibition of isozyme MtGS1a Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 S-nitrosoglutathione isozyme MtGS2a activity is inhibited by thiol residue nitrosylation Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 sodium nitroprusside NO donor sodium nitroprusside results in increased in vivo enzyme nitration accompanied by a reduction in enzyme activity; NO donor sodium nitroprusside results in increased in vivo enzyme nitration accompanied by a reduction in enzyme activity Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 Tetranitromethane inhibition of isozyme MtGS1a Medicago truncatula

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
6.3.1.2 chloroplast isozyme MtGS2a Medicago truncatula 9507
-
6.3.1.2 cytosol isoenzyme MtGS1a Medicago truncatula 5829
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
6.3.1.2 ATP + L-glutamate + NH3 Medicago truncatula
-
 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
6.3.1.2 Medicago truncatula O04998 MtGS1a; isozyme MtGS1a
-
6.3.1.2 Medicago truncatula O04999 MtGS2a; isozymes MtGS1a and MtGS2a
-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
6.3.1.2 nitrosylation isozyme MtGS2a activity is inhibited by thiol residue nitrosylation Medicago truncatula
6.3.1.2 side-chain modification the enzyme is regulated by tyrosine nitration. The enzyme is nitrated in planta and its nitration status changes in relation to active nitrogen fixation Medicago truncatula

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
6.3.1.2 recombinant isozyme MtGS1a from Escherichia coli Medicago truncatula

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
6.3.1.2 additional information root nodule, isozyme MtGS1a Medicago truncatula
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
6.3.1.2 ATP + L-glutamate + NH3
-
 Medicago truncatula ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
6.3.1.2 Glutamine synthetase
-
 Medicago truncatula

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
6.3.1.2 physiological function glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme for root nodule metabolism, and is a molecular target of nitric oxide in root nodules of Medicago truncatula and is regulated by tyrosine nitration. NO-mediated GS posttranslational inactivation is related to metabolite channeling to boost the nodule antioxidant defenses in response to NO Medicago truncatula