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Literature summary extracted from

  • Zarepour, M.; Simon, K.; Wilch, M.; Nielaender, U.; Koshiba, T.; Seo, M.; Lindel, T.; Bittner, F.
    Identification of superoxide production by Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidases AAO1 and AAO3 (2012), Plant Mol. Biol., 80, 659-671.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.2.3.7 expressed in Pichia pastoris Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 cDNAs of AAO1 and AAO3 expressed in Pichia pastoris to obtain recombinant homodimeric AAO1 and AAO3 proteins with His6-tag Arabidopsis thaliana

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.2.3.7 diphenylene iodonium strong inhibitor Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.7 KCN complete inhibition at 20 mM after 1 h incubation at room temperature Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 cyanide the ability of AAO1 and AAO3 to reduce 2,6-dichloroindophenol is abrogated when the enzymes are pre-treated with cyanide, NADH oxidation activity of AAO1 and AAO3 is highly sensitive to cyanide treatment Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 diphenylene iodonium DPI i.e. diphenylene iodonium, in the presence of DPI aldehyde oxidation activities of AAO1 and AAO3 are strongly reduced to 1–16%, NADH oxidation activity of AAO1 and AAO3 is highly sensitive to DPI treatment Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
1.2.3.7 indole-3-acetaldehyde + O2 Arabidopsis thaliana highly efficient conversion indole-3-acetate + H2O2
-
?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.2.3.7 Arabidopsis thaliana Q7G193
-
-
1.2.3.14 Arabidopsis thaliana Q7G9P4
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.2.3.7 Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography, and Source 15Q colum chromatography Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 by affinity chromatography with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid-agarose under native conditions, further purification by anion exchange chromatography Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.2.3.7 seedling
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
1.2.3.14 rosette leaf extracts from drought stressed leaves, AAO3 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
1.2.3.14 seedling AAO1 Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
1.2.3.7 0.093
-
using heptaldehyde as substrate, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.7 0.11
-
using benzaldehyde as substrate, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.7 0.515
-
using abscisic aldehyde as substrate, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.7 0.558
-
using indole-3-carbaldehyde as substrate, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 additional information
-
in the presence of diphenylene iodonium, aldehyde oxidation activities of AAO1 and AAO3 are strongly reduced to 1–16% Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.093
-
heptaldehyde oxidation by AAO1, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.11
-
benzaldehyde oxidation by AAO1, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.146
-
benzaldehyde oxidation by AAO3, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.204
-
indole-3-carbaldehyde oxidation by AAO3, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.215
-
NADH oxidation by AAO1, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.515
-
abscisic aldehyde oxidation by AAO1, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.517
-
heptaldehyde oxidation by AAO3, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.53
-
NADH oxidation by AAO3, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.558
-
indole-3-carbaldehyde oxidation by AAO1, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 0.635
-
abscisic aldehyde oxidation by AAO3, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication Arabidopsis thaliana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.2.3.7 abscisic aldehyde + oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
-
Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid + reduced 2,6-dichloroindophenol
-
?
1.2.3.7 benzaldehyde + oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O weak substrate Arabidopsis thaliana benzoic acid + reduced 2,6-dichloroindophenol
-
?
1.2.3.7 heptaldehyde + oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O weak substrate Arabidopsis thaliana heptanoic acid + reduced 2,6-dichloroindophenol
-
?
1.2.3.7 indole-3-acetaldehyde + O2 highly efficient conversion Arabidopsis thaliana indole-3-acetate + H2O2
-
?
1.2.3.7 indole-3-acetaldehyde + oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O efficient substrate Arabidopsis thaliana indole-3-acetate + reduced 2,6-dichloroindophenol
-
?
1.2.3.7 additional information in addition to the two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, isoform AAO1 also catalyzes a one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen, leading to the formation of O2-. However, the production of O2 appears to be less efficient than the production of H2O2 Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
?
1.2.3.14 abscisic aldehyde + 2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-dichloroindophenol i.e. DCIP used as electron acceptor, natural electron acceptor is oxygen Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid + H2O2 rate of H2O2 formation increases in the presence of superoxide dismutase, indicating that in addition to the two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, AAO1 and AAO3 also catalyze a one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen, leading to the formation of superoxide ion, O2- ?
1.2.3.14 benzaldehyde + 2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-dichloroindophenol i.e. DCIP used as electron acceptor, natural electron acceptor is oxygen Arabidopsis thaliana benzoic acid + H2O2 rate of H2O2 formation increases in the presence of superoxide dismutase, indicating that in addition to the two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, AAO1 and AAO3 also catalyze a one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen, leading to the formation of superoxide ion, O2- ?
1.2.3.14 heptaldehyde + 2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-dichloroindophenol i.e. DCIP used as electron acceptor, natural electron acceptor is oxygen Arabidopsis thaliana heptanoic acid + H2O2 rate of H2O2 formation increases in the presence of superoxide dismutase, indicating that in addition to the two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, AAO1 and AAO3 also catalyze a one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen, leading to the formation of superoxide ion, O2- ?
1.2.3.14 indole-3-carbaldehyde + 2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-dichloroindophenol i.e. DCIP used as electron acceptor, natural electron acceptor is oxygen Arabidopsis thaliana indole-3-carboxylate + H2O2 rate of H2O2 formation increases in the presence of superoxide dismutase, indicating that in addition to the two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, AAO1 and AAO3 also catalyze a one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen, leading to the formation of superoxide ion, O2- ?
1.2.3.14 additional information confirmation of superoxide generation by AAO1 and AAO3 by monitoring the reduction of the tetrazolium salt XTT due to O2- Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
?
1.2.3.14 NADH + O2 oxidation of NADH by AAO1 and AAO3, no oxidation of NADPH by AAO1 or AAO3 Arabidopsis thaliana NAD+ + O2- for confirmation, O2--dependent reduction of cytochrome c monitored, oxidation of NADH by AAO1 and AAO3 does not result in detectable levels of H2O2 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
1.2.3.7 homodimer
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.2.3.7 AAO1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.7 AOgamma
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 AAO1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
1.2.3.14 AAO3
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.2.3.14 additional information presence of all prosthetic groups confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy Arabidopsis thaliana