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Literature summary extracted from

  • Khmelenina, V.; Mustakhimov, I.; Reshetnikov, A.; Kalyuzhnaya, M.; Trotsenko, Y.
    Genetic and biochemical aspects of ectoine biosynthesis in moderately halophilic and halotolerant methylotrophic bacteria (2010), Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 5, 446-458.
No PubMed abstract available

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.178 carbonates
-
 Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 carbonates
-
 Methylophaga alcalica

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.178 gene ectA, ectABC operon, in Marinococcus halophilus, the transcription of ectABC genes is initiated from three individual sigma70/sigmaA-promoters locate upstream of each gene Marinococcus halophilus
2.3.1.178 gene ectA, encoded in ectABC, transcription of the ectABC-ask operon is initiated from two sigma70-dependent promoters ectAp1 and ectAp2. Gene ectR1 encodes the MarR-like transcriptional regulator EctR that is involved in the regulation of ectABC, overview Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 our putative promoters (?ectA1-4) are located upstream of the ectA gene and one internal promoter PectB is upstream of the ectB gene Chromohalobacter salexigens

General Stability

EC Number General Stability Organism
2.3.1.178 low stability of the purified enzyme Halomonas elongata

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.178 carbonates
-
 Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 Cu2+ completely inhibits activity of the DABA acetyltransferase at 1 mM Methylophaga alcalica
2.3.1.178 Cu2+ 47% inhibition at 1 mM Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 additional information no inhibition by 1 mM Cu2+ Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 NaCl
-
 Methylophaga alcalica
2.3.1.178 NaCl
-
 Methylophaga thalassica

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
2.3.1.178 additional information no requirement for divalent ions Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 additional information no requirement for divalent ions Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 additional information no requirement for divalent ions Methylophaga alcalica
2.3.1.178 NaCl the enzyme is activated by 0.2 M NaCl Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 20000
-
 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 20000
-
 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 20000
-
 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Methylophaga alcalica

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Sporosarcina pasteurii
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Methylophaga thalassica
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Marinococcus halophilus
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halobacillus halophilus
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Chromohalobacter salexigens
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Brevibacterium epidermidis
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Methylophaga alcalica
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Halomonas elongata KS3
-
 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
2.3.1.178 Brevibacterium epidermidis
-
 gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon
-
2.3.1.178 Chromohalobacter salexigens
-
 gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon
-
2.3.1.178 Halobacillus halophilus
-
 gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon
-
2.3.1.178 Halomonas elongata
-
-
-
2.3.1.178 Halomonas elongata KS3
-
-
-
2.3.1.178 Marinococcus halophilus
-
 gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon
-
2.3.1.178 Methylophaga alcalica
-
 gene ectA
-
2.3.1.178 Methylophaga thalassica
-
 gene ectA
-
2.3.1.178 Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
-
 gene ectA
-
2.3.1.178 Sporosarcina pasteurii
-
 gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
2.3.1.178 about 400fold Halomonas elongata
2.3.1.178 recombinant His-tagged enzyme Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Sporosarcina pasteurii CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Methylophaga thalassica CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Halomonas elongata CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Marinococcus halophilus CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Halobacillus halophilus CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Chromohalobacter salexigens CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Brevibacterium epidermidis CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Methylophaga alcalica CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?
2.3.1.178 acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 Halomonas elongata KS3 CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate
-
 ?

Subunits

EC Number Subunits Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 homodimer 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 homodimer 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 homodimer 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE Methylophaga alcalica

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Sporosarcina pasteurii
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Marinococcus halophilus
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Halobacillus halophilus
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Chromohalobacter salexigens
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Brevibacterium epidermidis
2.3.1.178 DABA acetyltransferase
-
 Methylophaga alcalica
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Sporosarcina pasteurii
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Marinococcus halophilus
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Halobacillus halophilus
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Chromohalobacter salexigens
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Brevibacterium epidermidis
2.3.1.178 EctA
-
 Methylophaga alcalica

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 8.2
-
-
 Halomonas elongata
2.3.1.178 9
-
-
 Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 9.5
-
-
 Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 9.5
-
-
 Methylophaga alcalica

Expression

EC Number Organism Comment Expression
2.3.1.178 Chromohalobacter salexigens intracellular levels of ectoine increase in response to high growth temperature up
2.3.1.178 Halobacillus halophilus osmotic up-shock of Halobacillus halophilus cells leads to the enhanced levels of mRNAs of ectABC up

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Sporosarcina pasteurii
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Methylophaga thalassica
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Halomonas elongata
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Marinococcus halophilus
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Halobacillus halophilus
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Chromohalobacter salexigens
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Brevibacterium epidermidis
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview Methylophaga alcalica
2.3.1.178 metabolism the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview. EctR1 negatively controls transcription of the ect genes, EctR1 function, detailed overview. But Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum may possessseveral regulatory systems Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 additional information osmoregulated expression of ectABC, and regulatory function of EctR1 in ectoine biosynthesis Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
2.3.1.178 additional information regulation of expression of ectABC operon, osmotic up-shock of Halobacillus halophilus cells leads to the enhanced levels of mRNAs of ectABC, overview. Ectoine/proline ratio that is low in cells growing exponentially at different salinities, of 2 and 3 M NaCl, enhances more than 1000fold in the stationary growth phase Halobacillus halophilus
2.3.1.178 additional information regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview Marinococcus halophilus
2.3.1.178 additional information regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview Brevibacterium epidermidis
2.3.1.178 additional information regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview. In Gram-positive bacteria, ectoine biosynthesis also is triggered by an osmotic stress Sporosarcina pasteurii
2.3.1.178 additional information regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview. In Gram-positive bacteria, ectoine biosynthesis also is triggered by an osmotic stress Chromohalobacter salexigens