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Literature summary extracted from

  • Fraser, P.D.; Shimada, H.; Misawa, N.
    Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay (1998), Eur. J. Biochem., 252, 229-236.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.14.15.24 CHAPS 0.01% (v/v) promotes small enhancement in activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 deoxycholate 0.01% (v/v) promotes small enhancement in activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 NP-40 0.01% (v/v) promotes small enhancement in activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 sodium cholate 0.01% (v/v) promotes small enhancement in activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 Triton X-100 0.01% (v/v) promotes small enhancement in activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 Tween 60 0.01% (v/v) promotes small enhancement in activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.14.11.B16 expressed in Escherichia coli Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 expressed in Escherichia coli Agrobacterium aurantiacum

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.14.15.24 CHAPS 1% (v/v) promotes inhibition of activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 deoxycholate 1% (v/v) promotes inhibition of activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 NP-40 1% (v/v) promotes inhibition of activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 SDS SDS inhibits activity completely at 0.01% (v/v) Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 sodium cholate 1% (v/v) promotes inhibition of activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 Triton X-100 1% (v/v) promotes inhibition of activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 Tween 60 1% (v/v) promotes inhibition of activity Agrobacterium aurantiacum

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.11.B16 0.0013
-
 beta-carotene 30°C, 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM FeSO4, 5 mM ascorbic acid, 0.5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 0.1% (mass/vol) deoxycholate Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.11.B16 0.002
-
 echinenone 30°C, 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM FeSO4, 5 mM ascorbic acid, 0.5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 0.1% (mass/vol) deoxycholate Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.11.B16 0.0083
-
 4-oxozeaxanthin 30°C, 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM FeSO4, 5 mM ascorbic acid, 0.5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 0.1% (mass/vol) deoxycholate Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.11.B16 0.01
-
 zeaxanthin 30°C, 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM FeSO4, 5 mM ascorbic acid, 0.5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 0.1% (mass/vol) deoxycholate Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.11.B16 0.0143
-
 3-hydroxyechinenone 30°C, 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM FeSO4, 5 mM ascorbic acid, 0.5 mM 2-oxoglutarate, 0.1% (mass/vol) deoxycholate Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 0.00056
-
 echinenone in 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, at 30°C Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 0.001
-
 phoenicoxanthin in 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, at 30°C Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 0.00182
-
 3-hydroxyechinenone in 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, at 30°C Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 0.0025
-
 beta-carotene in 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, at 30°C Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 0.004
-
 3'-hydroxyechinenone in 0.4 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, at 30°C Agrobacterium aurantiacum

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.11.B16 Agrobacterium aurantiacum P54972
-
-
1.14.11.B16 Agrobacterium aurantiacum N81106 P54972
-
-
1.14.15.24 Agrobacterium aurantiacum
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.14.15.24
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.11.B16 3-hydroxyechinenone + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum phoenicoxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 3-hydroxyechinenone + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum N81106 phoenicoxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 4-oxozeaxanthin + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum astaxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 4-oxozeaxanthin + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum N81106 astaxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 beta-carotene + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum canthaxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 beta-carotene + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum N81106 canthaxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 echinenone + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum canthaxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 echinenone + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum N81106 canthaxanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 zeaxanthin + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum adonixanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.11.B16 zeaxanthin + acceptor + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum N81106 adonixanthin + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
1.14.15.24 3'-hydroxyechinenone + reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H+ + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum 4-ketozeaxanthin + oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O 4-ketozeaxanthin is adonixanthin ?
1.14.15.24 3-hydroxyechinenone + reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H+ + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum 4-ketozeaxanthin + oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O 4-ketozeaxanthin is adonixanthin ?
1.14.15.24 beta-carotene + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + 2 O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum zeaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.15.24 beta-cryptoxanthin + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H+ + O2
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum zeaxanthin + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
-
 ?
1.14.15.24 echinenone + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + 2 O2 conversion occurs via 3- and 3'-hydroxyechinenone Agrobacterium aurantiacum 4-ketozeaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
 ?
1.14.15.24 phoenicoxanthin + 4 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + 2 O2 phoenicoxanthin is adonirubin Agrobacterium aurantiacum astaxanthin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.11.B16 beta-carotene ketolase ambiguous Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.11.B16 CrtW
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 carotenoid (beta-ionone ring) 3,3'-hydroxylase
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum
1.14.15.24 CrtZ
-
 Agrobacterium aurantiacum