Literature summary extracted from

O'Leary, B.; Park, J.; Plaxton, W.C.
The remarkable diversity of plant PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase): recent insights into the physiological functions and post-translational controls of non-photosynthetic PEPCs (2011), Biochem. J., 436, 15-34.

Inhibitors

EC Number	Inhibitors	Comment	Organism
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Musa cavendishii
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	malate	-	Triticum aestivum

Localization

EC Number	Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
4.1.1.31	chloroplast	-	Oryza sativa	9507	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Beta vulgaris	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Triticum aestivum	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Hordeum vulgare	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Solanum tuberosum	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Nicotiana tabacum	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Glycine max	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Brassica napus	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Ricinus communis	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Lupinus albus	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Lotus japonicus	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Solanum lycopersicum	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Helianthus annuus	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Citrus sinensis	5829	-
4.1.1.31	cytosol	-	Musa cavendishii	5829	-

Metals/Ions

EC Number	Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2 + toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2+ toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2+ toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2+ toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2+ toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	additional information	Cd2+ toxicity leads to PEPC up-regulation, iron deficiency also up-regulates PEPC activity	Musa cavendishii

Organism

EC Number	Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
4.1.1.31	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Beta vulgaris	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Brassica napus	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Citrus sinensis	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Glycine max	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Helianthus annuus	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Hordeum vulgare	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Lotus japonicus	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Lupinus albus	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Musa cavendishii	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Nicotiana tabacum	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Oryza sativa	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Ricinus communis	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Solanum lycopersicum	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	-
4.1.1.31	Triticum aestivum	-	-	-

Posttranslational Modification

EC Number	Posttranslational Modification	Comment	Organism
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	phosphoprotein	class-1 PEPC phosphorylation uniformly results in enzyme activation at physiological pH	Musa cavendishii

Source Tissue

EC Number	Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
4.1.1.31	fruit	-	Brassica napus	-
4.1.1.31	fruit	-	Citrus sinensis	-
4.1.1.31	fruit	-	Musa cavendishii	-
4.1.1.31	leaf	-	Nicotiana tabacum	-
4.1.1.31	leaf	-	Helianthus annuus	-
4.1.1.31	leaf	-	Oryza sativa	-
4.1.1.31	root nodule	-	Lupinus albus	-
4.1.1.31	seed	-	Triticum aestivum	-
4.1.1.31	seed	-	Hordeum vulgare	-
4.1.1.31	seed	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	-
4.1.1.31	seedling	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	-
4.1.1.31	seedling	-	Ricinus communis	-
4.1.1.31	seedling	-	Solanum lycopersicum	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number	Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Beta vulgaris	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Triticum aestivum	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Hordeum vulgare	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Solanum tuberosum	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Nicotiana tabacum	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Glycine max	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Brassica napus	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Ricinus communis	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Lupinus albus	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Lotus japonicus	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Solanum lycopersicum	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Helianthus annuus	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Oryza sativa	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Citrus sinensis	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir
4.1.1.31	phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-	-	Musa cavendishii	phosphate + oxaloacetate	-	ir

Synonyms

EC Number	Synonyms	Comment	Organism
4.1.1.31	bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	BTPC	-	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	BTPC	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	PEP carboxylase	-	Musa cavendishii
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	PEPC	-	Musa cavendishii
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase	-	Musa cavendishii
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	PTPC	-	Musa cavendishii

Expression

EC Number	Organism	Comment	Expression
4.1.1.31	Nicotiana tabacum	PEPC is up-regulated during infection of Nicotiana tabacum plants by the potato virus	up

General Information

EC Number	General Information	Comment	Organism
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stess acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Oryza sativa
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Beta vulgaris
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Triticum aestivum
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Hordeum vulgare
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Solanum tuberosum
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Nicotiana tabacum
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Glycine max
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Arabidopsis thaliana
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Brassica napus
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Ricinus communis
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Lupinus albus
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Lotus japonicus
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Solanum lycopersicum
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Helianthus annuus
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Citrus sinensis
4.1.1.31	physiological function	PEPC is involved in atmospheric CO2 fixation, C/N interaction and anaplerotic C-flux, energy supply for symbiotic bacteria, carbon storage in cell vacuoles, root malate/citrate excretion for abiotic stress acclimation, seed germination, seed development, and cell expansion	Musa cavendishii