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Literature summary extracted from

  • Hess, C.; McGuirl, M.; Klinman, J.
    Mechanism of the insect enzyme, tyramine beta-monooxygenase, reveals differences from the mammalian enzyme, dopamine beta-monooxygenase (2008), J. Biol. Chem., 283, 3042-3049.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
1.14.17.1 TbetaM expressed in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells Drosophila melanogaster

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.14.17.1 ascorbate very strong substrate inhibition that is dependent on the level of the co-substrate, O2, and reductant as well as substrate deuteration, substrate inhibition ameliorated at very high ascorbate levels Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 tyramine rate of ascorbate reduction of the E-Cu(II) form of TbetaM is also reduced at high tyramine Drosophila melanogaster

KM Value [mM]

EC Number KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.17.1 0.0252
-
 tyramine at 2 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.0876
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.212 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.088
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.0906
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.094
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.058 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.096
-
 tyramine at 4 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.0976
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.098
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.512 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.113
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.103 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.145
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.159
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.885 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.177
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.119 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.178
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.215 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.188
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.059 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.193
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.039 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.203
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.587 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.215
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.099 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.23
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.231
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.056 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.233
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.235
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.235
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.242
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.245
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.256
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.608 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.257
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.110 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.265
-
 tyramine at 200 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.316
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.598 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.328
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.416 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.341
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.063 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.367
-
 tyramine at 100 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.387
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.854 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.93
-
 ascorbate at 0.05 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 1.98
-
 ascorbate at 0.1 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 5.6
-
 ascorbate at 0.3 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 16
-
 ascorbate at 0.7 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.14.17.1 Cu2+ tyramine can bind to either the Cu(I) or Cu(II) forms of TbetaM Drosophila melanogaster

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.14.17.1 Drosophila melanogaster
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
1.14.17.1 by anion exchange and His tag affinity chromatography, and gel filtration Drosophila melanogaster

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.14.17.1 S2 cell
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
-

Storage Stability

EC Number Storage Stability Organism
1.14.17.1 -80°C Drosophila melanogaster

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.14.17.1 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine + ascorbate + O2
-
 Drosophila melanogaster octopamine + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
 ?
1.14.17.1 tyramine + ascorbate + O2
-
 Drosophila melanogaster octopamine + dehydroascorbate + H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.14.17.1 TBetaM
-
 Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 tyramine beta-monooxygenase
-
 Drosophila melanogaster

Ki Value [mM]

EC Number Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
1.14.17.1 0.0011
-
 ascorbate at 0.05 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.0018
-
 ascorbate at 0.1 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 0.98
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.885 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 1.23
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 1.25
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.587 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 1.3
-
 tyramine at 4 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 1.57
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.854 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 1.9
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.608 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.03
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.07
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.512 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.1
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.215 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.1
-
 tyramine at 2 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.4
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.46
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.8
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.119 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.8
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.416 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 2.86
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.039 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.3
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.598 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.33
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.103 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.35
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.056 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.5
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.212 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.5
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.6
-
 tyramine at 100 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 3.97
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.099 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 4
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 4.15
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 4.15
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 6
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.110 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 7.4
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.063 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 7.8
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 7.82
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.058 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 10.2
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.059 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster
1.14.17.1 10.3
-
 tyramine at 200 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

EC Number General Information Comment Organism
1.14.17.1 physiological function tyramine beta-monooxygenase is homologous to mammalian dopamine beta-monooxygenase, tighter regulation of neurotransmitter levels by the insect enzyme than in the mammalian homologue Drosophila sp. (in: flies)

kcat/KM [mM/s]

EC Number kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
1.14.17.1 0.55
-
 ascorbate at 0.7 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 0.8
-
 ascorbate at 0.3 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 1.14
-
 ascorbate at 0.1 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 1.38
-
 ascorbate at 0.05 mM tyramine, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 4.95
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.056 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 5.8
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.063 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 9.6
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.110 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 10.9
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.119 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 13.5
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 14.3
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.215 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 15.4
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.059 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 19.4
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 19.4
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.416 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 20.1
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.587 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 20.7
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.058 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 24.6
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.598 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 25.5
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.103 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 27.2
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.099 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 29.2
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 31.9
-
 tyramine at 200 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 32.4
-
 tyramine at 100 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 33
-
 tyramine at 4 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 37.8
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.214 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 37.8
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 38.6
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.039 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 39.4
-
 beta,beta-dideuterated tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.907 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 44.7
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.212 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 45
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 47.7
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.395 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 48.2
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.854 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 52
-
 tyramine at 2 mM ascorbate, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 58.1
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.512 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 58.6
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 0.608 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 61.7
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 0.885 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 70
-
 tyramine at 50 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)
1.14.17.1 74.3
-
 tyramine at 10 mM ascorbate, 1.04 mM O2, pH 6 and 35°C Drosophila sp. (in: flies)