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Literature summary extracted from
- Autotaxin (ATX): a multi-functional and multi-modular protein possessing enzymatic lysoPLD activity and matricellular properties (2008), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1781, 525-530.
Inhibitors
| EC Number | Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | lysophosphatic acid | inhibits at biologically relevant concentrations | Homo sapiens |  |
| 3.1.4.39 | sphingosine 1-phosphate | inhibits at biologically relevant concentrations | Homo sapiens | |
KM Value [mM]
| EC Number | KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | additional information | - |
additional information | affinity for lysophosphatidylcholine is significantly higher than for nucleotides | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| EC Number | Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | extracellular | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| EC Number | Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | 125000 | - |
calculated from cDNA | Homo sapiens |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| EC Number | Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O | Homo sapiens | - |
lysophosphatidic acid + choline | - |
? | |
| 3.1.4.39 | additional information | Homo sapiens | activity implicated in a large variety of biological processes (during normal development and under pathological conditions). Developmental roles include adipogenesis, intestinal cell motility and neurite morphology, a contribution to disease is described for alzheimer's disease, chronic hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.1.4.39 | sphingosylphosphorylcholine + H2O | Homo sapiens | - |
sphingosine 1-phosphate + choline | - |
? | |
Organism
| EC Number | Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| EC Number | Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | glycoprotein | ATX is synthesized as pre-pro-enzyme and secreted upon removal of the N-terminal signal peptide and further trimming by a furine-type protease | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| EC Number | Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | blood plasma | high phosphodiesterase Ialpha/autotoxin levels | Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | breast cancer cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | cerebrospinal fluid | high phosphodiesterase Ialpha/autotoxin levels | Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | glioblastoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | hepatoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | melanoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | neuroblastoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | non-small cell lung cancer cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | prostate cancer cell line | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | renal cell carcinoma cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| 3.1.4.39 | thyroid cancer cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| EC Number | Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | lysophosphatidic acid + choline | - |
? | |
| 3.1.4.39 | additional information | activity implicated in a large variety of biological processes (during normal development and under pathological conditions). Developmental roles include adipogenesis, intestinal cell motility and neurite morphology, a contribution to disease is described for alzheimer's disease, chronic hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| 3.1.4.39 | sphingosylphosphorylcholine + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | sphingosine 1-phosphate + choline | - |
? | |
Subunits
| EC Number | Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | ? | domains discovered are adjacent somatomedin B-like domain, nuclease-like domain and a single EF hand-like motif, modulator of oligodendrocyte remodeling and focal adhesion organization (MORFO) domain is located at the C-terminal end of the protein and entails the nuclease-like domain not thought to be catalytically active and functions independently of ATX's enzymatic activity | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| EC Number | Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1.4.39 | (ecto)nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 [(E)NPP2] | multi-functional and multi-modular, 3 splice variants/isoforms of ATX identified in both human and mouse (autotaxin alpha, beta and gamma, with autotaxin gamma being identical to PD-Ialpha) | Homo sapiens |
| 3.1.4.39 | PD-Ialpha/ATX | multi-functional and multi-modular, 3 splice variants/isoforms of ATX identified in both human and mouse (autotaxin alpha, beta and gamma, with autotaxin gamma being identical to PD-Ialpha) | Homo sapiens |
| 3.1.4.39 | phosphodiesterase Ialpha/autotoxin | multi-functional and multi-modular, 3 splice variants/isoforms of ATX identified in both human and mouse (autotaxin alpha, beta and gamma, with autotaxin gamma being identical to phosphodiesterase Ialpha) | Homo sapiens |
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