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Literature summary extracted from

  • Fulton, D.C.; Stettler, M.; Mettler, T.; Vaughan, C.K.; Li, J.; Francisco, P.; Gil, M.; Reinhold, H.; Eicke, S.; Messerli, G.; Dorken, G.; Halliday, K.; Smith, A.M.; Smith, S.M.; Zeeman, S.C.
    Beta-AMYLASE4, a noncatalytic protein required for starch breakdown, acts upstream of three active beta-amylases in Arabidopsis chloroplasts (2008), Plant Cell, 20, 1040-1058.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

EC Number Cloned (Comment) Organism
3.2.1.2 expressed in Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
3.2.1.2 E380Q structural modeling of BAM-9. BAM-4 and BAM-9 are also substituted at position 342 on the inner loop Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 E380R structural modeling of the BAM-4 active site predicts an inactive protein. BAM-4 and BAM-9 are also substituted at position 342 on the inner loop Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 additional information bam1, T-DNA insertion mutation, has no elevated starch levels and no lower nighttime maltose levels than the wild type. Mutant bam2, T-DNA insertion mutation. Mutant bam3, formation of a mutant line via the Arabidopsis TILLING Program, has elevated starch levels and lower nighttime maltose levels than the wild type. Mutant bam4, T-DNA insertion mutation, has elevated starch levels. Double mutant bam1 bam3, more severe phenotype than bam3. Total beta-amylase activity is reduced in leaves of bam1 and bam3 mutants but not in bam2 and bam4 mutants Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
3.2.1.2 chloroplast BAM-1, BAM-2, BAM-3, BAM-4 Arabidopsis thaliana 9507
-

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
3.2.1.2 54600
-
 BAM-2 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 55500
-
 BAM-3 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 55500
-
 calculated, BAM-2 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 55800
-
 calculated, BAM-3 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 59500
-
 calculated, BAM-1 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 67500
-
 BAM-1 Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

EC Number Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.2 amylopectin + H2O Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 beta-maltose + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.2 maltotetraose + H2O Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.2 starch + H2O Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 beta-maltose
-
 ?

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
3.2.1.2 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 ecotype Columbia
-

Purification (Commentary)

EC Number Purification (Comment) Organism
3.2.1.2 affinity chromatography, to near homogeneity using Glutathione-Sepharose 4B Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
3.2.1.2 leaf
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

EC Number Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
3.2.1.2 additional information
-
 BAM-2 specific activity is 25fold lower than that of BAM-3 and 50fold lower than that of BAM-1. No activity is detectable for recombinant BAM-4 protein Arabidopsis thaliana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3.2.1.2 amylopectin + H2O
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana beta-maltose + ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.2 maltotetraose + H2O
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
 ?
3.2.1.2 starch + H2O
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana beta-maltose
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
3.2.1.2 BAM-1 chloroplastic Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-2 chloroplastic Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-3 chloroplastic Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-5
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-6
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-7
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-8
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 BAM-9
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 beta-amylase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
3.2.1.2 More BAM-4 is chloroplastic, expressed in Escherichia coli with no beta-amylase activity, probably lost its catalytic capacity during evolution Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

EC Number pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
3.2.1.2 6 7
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana