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Literature summary extracted from

  • Maines, M.D.
    New insights into biliverdin reductase functions: linking heme metabolism to cell signaling (2005), Physiology, 20, 382-389.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

EC Number Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
1.3.1.24 cGMP BVR localizes into the nucleus upon activation by cGMP Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 cytokine induces BVR transcription Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 Ferredoxin
-
 Arabidopsis sp.
1.3.1.24 heme upregulates BVR expression Homo sapiens
1.3.1.24 hyperthermia induces BVR transcription Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 oxidant activates Homo sapiens
1.3.1.24 oxidant activates Rattus norvegicus

Application

EC Number Application Comment Organism
1.3.1.24 additional information BVR regualtes cellular levels of biliverdin, a potent gene regulator and determinant factor for dorsal axis development in Xenopus larva Xenopus sp.
1.3.1.24 additional information interacts with the insulin receptor kinase domain, key factor in the MAPK pathway and the PI3K pathway as well as regulating PKC isoforms that link the two pathways, plays a role in the mechanism of insulin resistance Homo sapiens
1.3.1.24 additional information regulates oxidative response and HO-1 expression Rattus norvegicus

Crystallization (Commentary)

EC Number Crystallization (Comment) Organism
1.3.1.24 BVR-NADH complex, NH2-terminal domain in dinucleotide binding Rattus norvegicus

Protein Variants

EC Number Protein Variants Comment Organism
1.3.1.24 additional information changing C73 to alanine inactivates the enzyme, as it is involved in substrate/cofactor binding Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 additional information point mutation of residues that in BVR interact with the adenine nucleotide, all inactivate the enzyme, S149 essential for acitvity Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

EC Number Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1.3.1.24 GATA1 transcription factor GATA1 downregulates BVR expression Homo sapiens
1.3.1.24 SH-reactive agent 34000 Da form extremely sensitive to, larger 68000 Da form lacks sensitivity to Rattus norvegicus

Localization

EC Number Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
1.3.1.24 cytoplasm
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5737
-
1.3.1.24 nucleus
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5634
-

Metals/Ions

EC Number Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
1.3.1.24 Zn2+
-
 Homo sapiens

Molecular Weight [Da]

EC Number Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
1.3.1.24 34000
-
 converted to a larger 68000 Da form when rats are treated with SH-reactive agents Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 68000
-
-
 Rattus norvegicus

Organism

EC Number Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
1.3.1.24 Arabidopsis sp.
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Canis lupus familiaris
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Cavia porcellus
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Cyanidium caldarium
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Gallus gallus
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Homo sapiens
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Mus musculus
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Pan troglodytes
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Sus scrofa
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Takifugu rubripes
-
-
-
1.3.1.24 Xenopus sp.
-
-
-

Source Tissue

EC Number Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
1.3.1.24 brain abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
1.3.1.24 kidney abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
1.3.1.24 larva
-
 Xenopus sp.
-
1.3.1.24 liver
-
 Cavia porcellus
-
1.3.1.24 liver abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
1.3.1.24 renal cell carcinoma cell increased activity of BVR, but only in the presence of NADH Homo sapiens
-
1.3.1.24 spleen abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
1.3.1.24 testis sparingly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
1.3.1.24 thymus sparingly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

EC Number Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
1.3.1.24 biliverdin + NAD(P)H
-
 Xenopus sp. bilirubin + NAD(P)+
-
 ?
1.3.1.24 biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+
-
 Cavia porcellus bilirubin + NAD(P)+
-
 ?
1.3.1.24 biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+
-
 Arabidopsis sp. bilirubin + NAD(P)+
-
 ?

Synonyms

EC Number Synonyms Comment Organism
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Gallus gallus
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Cavia porcellus
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Cyanidium caldarium
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Mus musculus
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Homo sapiens
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Sus scrofa
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Arabidopsis sp.
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Xenopus sp.
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Pan troglodytes
1.3.1.24 BVR
-
 Takifugu rubripes

Cofactor

EC Number Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
1.3.1.24 NADH
-
 Homo sapiens
1.3.1.24 NADH used at acidic pH Rattus norvegicus
1.3.1.24 NADPH used in the basic range Rattus norvegicus